Перевод: с латинского на английский

с английского на латинский

in the course of

  • 1 Ventis secundis, tene/tenete cursum

    • The winds being favorable, hold the course

    Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Ventis secundis, tene/tenete cursum

  • 2 Curriculum vitae

    Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Curriculum vitae

  • 3 cursus

    cursus, ūs, m. [id.], a running ( on foot, on a horse, chariot, ship, etc.), a course, way, march, passage, voyage, journey, etc. (very freq.).
    I.
    Lit.
    1.
    Of living beings:

    ingressus, cursus, accubitio, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 34, 94:

    ibi cursu, luctando... sese exercebant,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 24; cf. id. Most. 1, 2, 73, and Hor. A. P. 412:

    quique pedum cursu valet, etc.,

    Verg. A. 5, 67:

    cursu superare canem,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 51:

    milites cursu exanimati,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

    huc magno cursu intenderunt,

    at full speed, id. ib. 3, 19:

    magno cursu concitatus,

    id. B. C. 1, 70:

    cursu incitatus,

    id. ib. 1, 79; 3, 46; Auct. B. Alex. 20; cf.:

    in cursu esse,

    Cic. Att. 5, 16, 1; cf. II. fin. infra:

    strictis gladiis cursu in hostem feruntur,

    advance at a run, Liv. 9, 13, 2:

    effuso cursu,

    id. 2, 50, 6:

    eo cursu proripere, ut, etc.,

    id. 24, 26, 12; 31, 21, 6:

    eo cursu, Auct. B. Alex 30: eodem cursu contendere,

    right onward, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; cf. id. B. G. 6, 67: citato cursu. Just. 11, 15, 2:

    cursus in Graeciam per tuam provinciam,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 10:

    quis umquam tam brevi tempore tot loca adire, tantos cursus conficere potuit?

    id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34:

    (terrae) tuis non dicam cursibus, sed victoriis lustratae sunt,

    id. ib. 2, 5:

    agmen cursūs magis quam itineris modo ducit,

    Curt. 5, 13, 5; 6, 1, 12; Just. 15, 3, 11; 11, 8, 2:

    Miltiades cursum direxit, quo tendebat,

    Nep. Milt. 1, 6; Vell. 2, 19, 4; 1, 4, 1:

    Ulixi per mare,

    Hor. C. 1, 6, 7:

    iterare cursus relictos,

    id. ib. 1, 34, 4:

    Naxon, ait Liber, cursus advertite vestros,

    Ov. M. 3, 636 et saep.; cf. B.: cursum per [p. 504] auras Derigere, Verg. A. 6, 194; so of flying, Ov. M. 2, 838; 4, 787 al.—
    b.
    Cursum tenere (in a march or on shipboard), to hold one's course, to maintain a direct course:

    equites cursum tenere atque insulam capere non potuerant,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:

    Dionysius cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83; Caes. B. G. 5, 8; cf. 2. b. —
    2.
    Of inanimate objects:

    solis cursus lunaeque meatus Expediam,

    Lucr. 5, 77; cf. id. 5, 772 al.:

    lunae,

    id. 5, 629; cf. id. 5, 630:

    stellarum,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

    neque clara suo percurrere fulmina cursu Perpetuo possint,

    Lucr. 1, 1003:

    si lacus emissus lapsu et cursu suo ad mare profluxisset,

    Cic. Div. 1, 44, 100; so of the course or flow of a stream, Ov. M. 1, 282; 9, 18; Plin. 5, 24, 20, § 85:

    longarum navium,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 8; cf. Cic. Mur. 15, 33; id. Off. 3, 12, 50 al.:

    Aquilonis et Austri,

    Lucr. 5, 688; cf. id. 6, 302:

    menstrui,

    Plin. 11, 39, 94, § 230:

    quadripertiti venarum,

    id. 16, 39, 76, § 195 et saep.—
    b.
    Cursum tenere, as supra, 1. b.:

    tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut nulla earum (navium) cursum tenere posset,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 28.—
    B.
    Meton.
    1.
    Cursum exspectare, to wait for a fair wind (lit. for a passage), Cic. Att. 5, 8, 1.—
    2.
    (Abstr. pro concr.) Cursus publici, in the time of the emperors, posts or relays divided into stations, for the speedy transmission of information upon state affairs, Cod. Just. 12, 51; Cod. Th. 8, 5; Inscr. Orell. 3181; 3329; cf.

    . equi publici,

    Amm. 14, 6, 16:

    vehicula publica,

    id. 21, 13, 7:

    cursus vehicularius,

    Capitol. Ant. P. 12, 3:

    vehicularis,

    Dig. 50, 4, 18, § 4:

    cursus fiscalis,

    Spart. Had. 7; v. Suet. Aug. 49.—
    II.
    Trop. (freq. in Cic. and Quint.), a course, progress, direction, way:

    qui cursus rerum, qui exitus futurus sit,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 3; cf. Tac. H. 4, 34; id. Agr. 39:

    implicari aliquo certo genere cursuque vivendi,

    Cic. Off. 1, 32, 117:

    vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,

    id. Sest. 21, 47:

    reliquus vitae cursus,

    id. Phil. 2, 19, 47:

    totius vitae cursum videre,

    id. Off. 1, 4, 11:

    omnem vitae suae cursum conficere,

    id. Cael. 17, 39:

    in omni vitae cursu optimum visum est, ut, etc.,

    Macr. S. 1, 2, 3:

    temporum,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 2:

    tuorum honorum,

    id. ib. 3, 11, 2; cf. Tac. H. 1, 48:

    continuus proeliorum,

    id. Agr. 27 al.:

    cursus vocis per omnis sonos,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 61, 227:

    cursus verborum,

    id. ib. 1, 35, 161; so of the motion or flow of discourse, etc., id. Part. Or. 15, 52; Quint. 8, prooem. § 27;

    9, 4, 70: cursus hic et sonus rotundae volubilisque sententiae,

    Gell. 11, 13, 4:

    quem enim cursum industria mea tenere potuisset sine forensibus causis, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 11; cf. id. Or. 1, 4:

    nos in eodem cursu fuimus a Sullā dictatore ad eosdem fere consules,

    id. Brut. 96, 328; so,

    esse in cursu,

    to go on, continue, Ov. M. 13, 508; id. F. 6, 362.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cursus

  • 4 Secunda

    1.
    sĕcundus, a, um, adj. [sequor], following.
    A.
    (Acc. to sequor, I. B. 2.)
    1.
    Prop., the following in time or order, the next to the first, the second (cf.: alter, proximus); absol.: si te secundo lumine hic offendero, the next morning, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: de tribus unum esset optandum...optimum est facere; secundum, nec facere nec pati;

    miserrimum digladiari semper, etc.,

    the next best, Cic. Rep. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

    id secundum erat de tribus,

    id. Or. 15, 50:

    aliquem obligare secundo sacramento, priore amisso, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 11, 36; cf.:

    prioribus equitum partibus secundis additis,

    id. Rep. 2, 20, 36:

    Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae,

    id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

    Olympias secunda et sexagesima,

    id. ib. 2, 15, 28:

    oriens incendium belli Punici secundi,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 1: aliquem secundum heredem instituere, the second or substituted heir, if the first-named die or refuse the inheritance, id. Fam. 13, 61; so,

    heres,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Inscr. Orell. 3416:

    mensa,

    the second course, dessert, Cic. Att. 14, 6, 2; 14, 21, 4; Cels. 1, 2 fin.; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120; 19, 8, 53, § 167; Verg. G. 2, 101; Hor. S. 2, 2, 121:

    Germania,

    Lower Germany, Amm. 15, 8, 19.— Subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. membranae), the after-birth, secundines:

    partus,

    Cels. 7, 29 fin.:

    non magis pertinere quam secundas ad editum infantem,

    Sen. Ep. 92, 34; Col. 7, 7, 4; Plin. 27, 4, 13, § 30; 30, 14, 43, § 123:

    secundae partūs,

    id. 9, 13, 15, § 41; 20, 6, 23, § 51; 20, 11, 44, § 115.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Following, next, second in rank, value, etc.; with ad:

    quorum ordo proxime accedit, ut secundus sit ad regium principatum,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52.—With ab:

    potentiā secundus a rege,

    Hirt. B. Alex. 66;

    with which cf.: secundus a Romulo conditor urbis Romanae,

    Liv. 7, 1 fin.; and:

    Ajax, heros ab Achille secundus,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

    qui honos secundus a rege erat,

    Just. 18, 4, 5.— Absol.: nil majus generatur ipso (Jove), Nec viget quicquam simile aut secundum, Hor. C. 1, 12, 18:

    tu (Juppiter) secundo Caesare regnes,

    id. ib. 1, 12, 51; corresp. to maxime:

    maxime vellem...secundo autem loco, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf.:

    me maxime consolatur spes, etc....facile secundo loco me consolatur recordatio, etc.,

    id. Fam. 1, 6, 1 sq.:

    cotes Creticae diu maximam laudem habuere, secundam Laconicae,

    Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164.—With dat.:

    nulli Campanorum secundus vinctus ad mortem rapior,

    Liv. 23, 10, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    regio spatio locorum nulli earum gentium secunda,

    Curt. 5, 10, 3; Vell. 2, 76, 1:

    secundus sibi, non par,

    Just. 11, 12, 14:

    secunda nobilitas Falerno agro,

    id. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

    bonitas amomo pallido,

    id. 12, 13, 28, § 48.—With abl., Hirt. B. Alex. 66; cf. supra.—
    b.
    With the prevailing idea of subjection or inferiority, secondary, subordinate, inferior; absol.:

    secundae sortis ingenium,

    only of the second grade, Sen. Ep. 52, 3:

    moneri velle ac posse secunda virtus est,

    id. Ben. 5, 25, 4; cf.:

    (servi) quasi secundum hominum genus sunt,

    Flor. 3, 20, 1:

    vivit siliquis et pane secundo (i. e. secundario),

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 123 (cf.:

    secundarius panis,

    Plin. 18, 10, 20, § 89; Suet. Aug. 76):

    tenue argentum venaeque secundae,

    Juv. 9, 31:

    haec fuit altera persona Thebis, sed tamen secunda ita, ut proxima esset Epaminondae,

    Nep. Pel. 4, 3. —With abl.:

    haud ulli veterum virtute secundus,

    inferior, Verg. A. 11, 441.—With inf.:

    nec vertere cuiquam Frena secundus Halys,

    Stat. Th. 2, 574.—Esp., in phrase partes secundae, second parts, inferior parts:

    in actoribus Graecis, ille qui est secundarum aut tertiarum partium,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

    ut credas partis mimum tractare secundas,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14.—With ab:

    hic erit a mensis fine secunda dies,

    the last day but one of the month, Ov. F. 1, 710. —As subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. partes), the second or inferior parts:

    Spinther secundarum tertiarum Pamphilus,

    Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 54; Inscr. Orell. 2644:

    Q. Arrius, qui fuit M. Crassi quasi secundarum,

    Cic. Brut. 69, 242; so,

    secundas sortiri,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 3:

    ferre,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 46:

    deferre alicui,

    Quint. 10, 1, 53:

    agere,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 8, 6.—
    B.
    (Acc. to sequor, II.)
    1.
    Prop., naut. t. t., of currents of water, etc., favorable, fair (as following the course of the vessel):

    secundo flumine ad Lutetiam iter facere coepit,

    i. e. down the stream, Caes. B. G. 7, 58; so,

    Tiberi,

    Liv. 5, 46:

    amni,

    Verg. G. 3, 447:

    fluvio,

    id. A. 7, 494:

    aqua,

    Liv. 21, 28; cf.:

    totā rate in secundam aquam labente,

    with the current, id. 21, 47:

    et ventum et aestum uno tempore nactus secundum,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; so,

    aestu,

    Liv. 23, 41:

    mari,

    id. 29, 7; and, poet.:

    (Neptunus) curru secundo,

    speeding along, Verg. A. 1, 156:

    secundo amne,

    Curt. 4, 7, 9:

    navigatio,

    Tac. A. 2, 8.—Esp., of winds:

    in portum vento secundo, velo passo pervenit,

    Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 45; cf.:

    cum videam navem secundis ventis cursum tenentem suum,

    Cic. Planc. 39, 94; so,

    ventus,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; Hor. C. 2, 10, 23; id. Ep. 2, 1, 102; cf.

    aquilo,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 201.— Sup.:

    cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83.—Of sails (trop.):

    des ingenio vela secunda meo,

    Ov. F. 3, 790.—
    2.
    Transf., with, according to any thing: austri anniversarii secundo sole flant, i. e. according to the course of the sun, Nigid. ap. Gell. 2, 22, 31: squama secunda (opp. adversa), as we say, with the grain, i. e. so as to offer no resistance to the hand when it is passed from the head to the tail, id. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—
    3.
    Trop., favorable, propitious, fortunate (opp. adversus); absol.:

    secundo populo aliquid facere,

    with the consent of the people, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 4; so,

    concio,

    id. Agr. 2, 37, 101; cf.:

    voluntas concionis,

    id. Att. 1, 19, 4:

    admurmurationes cuncti senatūs,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3: rumor, Enn. ap. Non. 385, 17 (Ann. v. 260 Vahl.); Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 9:

    clamor,

    Verg. A. 5, 491:

    aures,

    Liv. 6, 40; 33, 46; 42, 28:

    praesentibus ac secundis diis,

    id. 7, 26; so,

    dis auspicibus et Junone secundā,

    Verg. A. 4, 45; and:

    secundo Marte ruat,

    id. ib. 10, 21:

    adi pede sacra secundo,

    id. ib. 8, 302;

    10, 255: auspicia,

    Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27; cf. avis, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 82 Vahl.); and in poet. hypallage:

    haruspex,

    Verg. A. 11, 739: scitus, secunda loquens in tempore, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 3 (Ann. v. 251 Vahl.): res (opp. adversae), Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90;

    so,

    id. Lael. 5, 17; 6, 22; id. Att. 4, 2, 1; Hor. S. 2, 8, 74; cf.

    fortunae (opp. adversae),

    Cic. Sull. 23, 66;

    and tempora (opp. adversi casus),

    Auct. Her. 4, 17, 24; so, res, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll. (Ann. v. 357 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88 (with prosperitates); Verg. A. 10, 502; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: fortunae, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. parsi, p. 242 Müll.; Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 28:

    proelia,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 1:

    motus Galliae,

    successful, id. ib. 7, 59; and:

    belli exitus,

    Hor. C. 4, 14, 38:

    consilium,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42:

    labores,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 45.— Comp.:

    reliqua militia secundiore famā fuit,

    Suet. Caes. 2.— Sup.:

    secundissima proelia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 62.— With dat.:

    secunda (sc. verba) irae,

    i. e. increasing, promoting it, Liv. 2, 38.— Comp.:

    secundiore equitum proelio nostris,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 9.— Sup.:

    tres leges secundissimas plebei, adversas nobilitati tulit,

    Liv. 8, 12: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse videntur, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, B.—As subst.: sĕcunda, ōrum, n., favorable circumstances, good fortune:

    sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem,

    Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:

    age, me in tuis secundis respice,

    Ter. And. 5, 6, 11:

    omnium secundorum adversorumque causes in deos vertere,

    Liv. 28, 11, 1:

    in secundis sapere et consulere,

    id. 30, 42, 16:

    nimius homo inter secunda,

    Tac. H. 2, 59; 1, 10; Curt. 4, 6, 31:

    nemo confidat nimium secundis,

    Sen. Thyest. 615:

    poscunt fidem secunda,

    id. Agam. 934:

    secunda non habent unquam modum,

    id. Oedip. 694.
    2.
    Sĕcundus, i, m.; Sĕcunda, ae, f. [1. secundus], a Roman proper name.
    I.
    C. Plinius Secundus, the writer on natural history. —
    II.
    C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus, his nephew:

    OCTAVIA Q. F. SECVNDA,

    Inscr. Grut. 445, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Secunda

  • 5 secunda

    1.
    sĕcundus, a, um, adj. [sequor], following.
    A.
    (Acc. to sequor, I. B. 2.)
    1.
    Prop., the following in time or order, the next to the first, the second (cf.: alter, proximus); absol.: si te secundo lumine hic offendero, the next morning, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: de tribus unum esset optandum...optimum est facere; secundum, nec facere nec pati;

    miserrimum digladiari semper, etc.,

    the next best, Cic. Rep. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

    id secundum erat de tribus,

    id. Or. 15, 50:

    aliquem obligare secundo sacramento, priore amisso, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 11, 36; cf.:

    prioribus equitum partibus secundis additis,

    id. Rep. 2, 20, 36:

    Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae,

    id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

    Olympias secunda et sexagesima,

    id. ib. 2, 15, 28:

    oriens incendium belli Punici secundi,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 1: aliquem secundum heredem instituere, the second or substituted heir, if the first-named die or refuse the inheritance, id. Fam. 13, 61; so,

    heres,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Inscr. Orell. 3416:

    mensa,

    the second course, dessert, Cic. Att. 14, 6, 2; 14, 21, 4; Cels. 1, 2 fin.; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120; 19, 8, 53, § 167; Verg. G. 2, 101; Hor. S. 2, 2, 121:

    Germania,

    Lower Germany, Amm. 15, 8, 19.— Subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. membranae), the after-birth, secundines:

    partus,

    Cels. 7, 29 fin.:

    non magis pertinere quam secundas ad editum infantem,

    Sen. Ep. 92, 34; Col. 7, 7, 4; Plin. 27, 4, 13, § 30; 30, 14, 43, § 123:

    secundae partūs,

    id. 9, 13, 15, § 41; 20, 6, 23, § 51; 20, 11, 44, § 115.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Following, next, second in rank, value, etc.; with ad:

    quorum ordo proxime accedit, ut secundus sit ad regium principatum,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52.—With ab:

    potentiā secundus a rege,

    Hirt. B. Alex. 66;

    with which cf.: secundus a Romulo conditor urbis Romanae,

    Liv. 7, 1 fin.; and:

    Ajax, heros ab Achille secundus,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

    qui honos secundus a rege erat,

    Just. 18, 4, 5.— Absol.: nil majus generatur ipso (Jove), Nec viget quicquam simile aut secundum, Hor. C. 1, 12, 18:

    tu (Juppiter) secundo Caesare regnes,

    id. ib. 1, 12, 51; corresp. to maxime:

    maxime vellem...secundo autem loco, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf.:

    me maxime consolatur spes, etc....facile secundo loco me consolatur recordatio, etc.,

    id. Fam. 1, 6, 1 sq.:

    cotes Creticae diu maximam laudem habuere, secundam Laconicae,

    Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164.—With dat.:

    nulli Campanorum secundus vinctus ad mortem rapior,

    Liv. 23, 10, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    regio spatio locorum nulli earum gentium secunda,

    Curt. 5, 10, 3; Vell. 2, 76, 1:

    secundus sibi, non par,

    Just. 11, 12, 14:

    secunda nobilitas Falerno agro,

    id. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

    bonitas amomo pallido,

    id. 12, 13, 28, § 48.—With abl., Hirt. B. Alex. 66; cf. supra.—
    b.
    With the prevailing idea of subjection or inferiority, secondary, subordinate, inferior; absol.:

    secundae sortis ingenium,

    only of the second grade, Sen. Ep. 52, 3:

    moneri velle ac posse secunda virtus est,

    id. Ben. 5, 25, 4; cf.:

    (servi) quasi secundum hominum genus sunt,

    Flor. 3, 20, 1:

    vivit siliquis et pane secundo (i. e. secundario),

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 123 (cf.:

    secundarius panis,

    Plin. 18, 10, 20, § 89; Suet. Aug. 76):

    tenue argentum venaeque secundae,

    Juv. 9, 31:

    haec fuit altera persona Thebis, sed tamen secunda ita, ut proxima esset Epaminondae,

    Nep. Pel. 4, 3. —With abl.:

    haud ulli veterum virtute secundus,

    inferior, Verg. A. 11, 441.—With inf.:

    nec vertere cuiquam Frena secundus Halys,

    Stat. Th. 2, 574.—Esp., in phrase partes secundae, second parts, inferior parts:

    in actoribus Graecis, ille qui est secundarum aut tertiarum partium,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

    ut credas partis mimum tractare secundas,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14.—With ab:

    hic erit a mensis fine secunda dies,

    the last day but one of the month, Ov. F. 1, 710. —As subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. partes), the second or inferior parts:

    Spinther secundarum tertiarum Pamphilus,

    Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 54; Inscr. Orell. 2644:

    Q. Arrius, qui fuit M. Crassi quasi secundarum,

    Cic. Brut. 69, 242; so,

    secundas sortiri,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 3:

    ferre,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 46:

    deferre alicui,

    Quint. 10, 1, 53:

    agere,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 8, 6.—
    B.
    (Acc. to sequor, II.)
    1.
    Prop., naut. t. t., of currents of water, etc., favorable, fair (as following the course of the vessel):

    secundo flumine ad Lutetiam iter facere coepit,

    i. e. down the stream, Caes. B. G. 7, 58; so,

    Tiberi,

    Liv. 5, 46:

    amni,

    Verg. G. 3, 447:

    fluvio,

    id. A. 7, 494:

    aqua,

    Liv. 21, 28; cf.:

    totā rate in secundam aquam labente,

    with the current, id. 21, 47:

    et ventum et aestum uno tempore nactus secundum,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; so,

    aestu,

    Liv. 23, 41:

    mari,

    id. 29, 7; and, poet.:

    (Neptunus) curru secundo,

    speeding along, Verg. A. 1, 156:

    secundo amne,

    Curt. 4, 7, 9:

    navigatio,

    Tac. A. 2, 8.—Esp., of winds:

    in portum vento secundo, velo passo pervenit,

    Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 45; cf.:

    cum videam navem secundis ventis cursum tenentem suum,

    Cic. Planc. 39, 94; so,

    ventus,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; Hor. C. 2, 10, 23; id. Ep. 2, 1, 102; cf.

    aquilo,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 201.— Sup.:

    cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83.—Of sails (trop.):

    des ingenio vela secunda meo,

    Ov. F. 3, 790.—
    2.
    Transf., with, according to any thing: austri anniversarii secundo sole flant, i. e. according to the course of the sun, Nigid. ap. Gell. 2, 22, 31: squama secunda (opp. adversa), as we say, with the grain, i. e. so as to offer no resistance to the hand when it is passed from the head to the tail, id. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—
    3.
    Trop., favorable, propitious, fortunate (opp. adversus); absol.:

    secundo populo aliquid facere,

    with the consent of the people, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 4; so,

    concio,

    id. Agr. 2, 37, 101; cf.:

    voluntas concionis,

    id. Att. 1, 19, 4:

    admurmurationes cuncti senatūs,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3: rumor, Enn. ap. Non. 385, 17 (Ann. v. 260 Vahl.); Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 9:

    clamor,

    Verg. A. 5, 491:

    aures,

    Liv. 6, 40; 33, 46; 42, 28:

    praesentibus ac secundis diis,

    id. 7, 26; so,

    dis auspicibus et Junone secundā,

    Verg. A. 4, 45; and:

    secundo Marte ruat,

    id. ib. 10, 21:

    adi pede sacra secundo,

    id. ib. 8, 302;

    10, 255: auspicia,

    Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27; cf. avis, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 82 Vahl.); and in poet. hypallage:

    haruspex,

    Verg. A. 11, 739: scitus, secunda loquens in tempore, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 3 (Ann. v. 251 Vahl.): res (opp. adversae), Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90;

    so,

    id. Lael. 5, 17; 6, 22; id. Att. 4, 2, 1; Hor. S. 2, 8, 74; cf.

    fortunae (opp. adversae),

    Cic. Sull. 23, 66;

    and tempora (opp. adversi casus),

    Auct. Her. 4, 17, 24; so, res, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll. (Ann. v. 357 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88 (with prosperitates); Verg. A. 10, 502; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: fortunae, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. parsi, p. 242 Müll.; Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 28:

    proelia,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 1:

    motus Galliae,

    successful, id. ib. 7, 59; and:

    belli exitus,

    Hor. C. 4, 14, 38:

    consilium,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42:

    labores,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 45.— Comp.:

    reliqua militia secundiore famā fuit,

    Suet. Caes. 2.— Sup.:

    secundissima proelia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 62.— With dat.:

    secunda (sc. verba) irae,

    i. e. increasing, promoting it, Liv. 2, 38.— Comp.:

    secundiore equitum proelio nostris,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 9.— Sup.:

    tres leges secundissimas plebei, adversas nobilitati tulit,

    Liv. 8, 12: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse videntur, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, B.—As subst.: sĕcunda, ōrum, n., favorable circumstances, good fortune:

    sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem,

    Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:

    age, me in tuis secundis respice,

    Ter. And. 5, 6, 11:

    omnium secundorum adversorumque causes in deos vertere,

    Liv. 28, 11, 1:

    in secundis sapere et consulere,

    id. 30, 42, 16:

    nimius homo inter secunda,

    Tac. H. 2, 59; 1, 10; Curt. 4, 6, 31:

    nemo confidat nimium secundis,

    Sen. Thyest. 615:

    poscunt fidem secunda,

    id. Agam. 934:

    secunda non habent unquam modum,

    id. Oedip. 694.
    2.
    Sĕcundus, i, m.; Sĕcunda, ae, f. [1. secundus], a Roman proper name.
    I.
    C. Plinius Secundus, the writer on natural history. —
    II.
    C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus, his nephew:

    OCTAVIA Q. F. SECVNDA,

    Inscr. Grut. 445, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > secunda

  • 6 secundae

    1.
    sĕcundus, a, um, adj. [sequor], following.
    A.
    (Acc. to sequor, I. B. 2.)
    1.
    Prop., the following in time or order, the next to the first, the second (cf.: alter, proximus); absol.: si te secundo lumine hic offendero, the next morning, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: de tribus unum esset optandum...optimum est facere; secundum, nec facere nec pati;

    miserrimum digladiari semper, etc.,

    the next best, Cic. Rep. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

    id secundum erat de tribus,

    id. Or. 15, 50:

    aliquem obligare secundo sacramento, priore amisso, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 11, 36; cf.:

    prioribus equitum partibus secundis additis,

    id. Rep. 2, 20, 36:

    Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae,

    id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

    Olympias secunda et sexagesima,

    id. ib. 2, 15, 28:

    oriens incendium belli Punici secundi,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 1: aliquem secundum heredem instituere, the second or substituted heir, if the first-named die or refuse the inheritance, id. Fam. 13, 61; so,

    heres,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Inscr. Orell. 3416:

    mensa,

    the second course, dessert, Cic. Att. 14, 6, 2; 14, 21, 4; Cels. 1, 2 fin.; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120; 19, 8, 53, § 167; Verg. G. 2, 101; Hor. S. 2, 2, 121:

    Germania,

    Lower Germany, Amm. 15, 8, 19.— Subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. membranae), the after-birth, secundines:

    partus,

    Cels. 7, 29 fin.:

    non magis pertinere quam secundas ad editum infantem,

    Sen. Ep. 92, 34; Col. 7, 7, 4; Plin. 27, 4, 13, § 30; 30, 14, 43, § 123:

    secundae partūs,

    id. 9, 13, 15, § 41; 20, 6, 23, § 51; 20, 11, 44, § 115.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Following, next, second in rank, value, etc.; with ad:

    quorum ordo proxime accedit, ut secundus sit ad regium principatum,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52.—With ab:

    potentiā secundus a rege,

    Hirt. B. Alex. 66;

    with which cf.: secundus a Romulo conditor urbis Romanae,

    Liv. 7, 1 fin.; and:

    Ajax, heros ab Achille secundus,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

    qui honos secundus a rege erat,

    Just. 18, 4, 5.— Absol.: nil majus generatur ipso (Jove), Nec viget quicquam simile aut secundum, Hor. C. 1, 12, 18:

    tu (Juppiter) secundo Caesare regnes,

    id. ib. 1, 12, 51; corresp. to maxime:

    maxime vellem...secundo autem loco, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf.:

    me maxime consolatur spes, etc....facile secundo loco me consolatur recordatio, etc.,

    id. Fam. 1, 6, 1 sq.:

    cotes Creticae diu maximam laudem habuere, secundam Laconicae,

    Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164.—With dat.:

    nulli Campanorum secundus vinctus ad mortem rapior,

    Liv. 23, 10, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    regio spatio locorum nulli earum gentium secunda,

    Curt. 5, 10, 3; Vell. 2, 76, 1:

    secundus sibi, non par,

    Just. 11, 12, 14:

    secunda nobilitas Falerno agro,

    id. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

    bonitas amomo pallido,

    id. 12, 13, 28, § 48.—With abl., Hirt. B. Alex. 66; cf. supra.—
    b.
    With the prevailing idea of subjection or inferiority, secondary, subordinate, inferior; absol.:

    secundae sortis ingenium,

    only of the second grade, Sen. Ep. 52, 3:

    moneri velle ac posse secunda virtus est,

    id. Ben. 5, 25, 4; cf.:

    (servi) quasi secundum hominum genus sunt,

    Flor. 3, 20, 1:

    vivit siliquis et pane secundo (i. e. secundario),

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 123 (cf.:

    secundarius panis,

    Plin. 18, 10, 20, § 89; Suet. Aug. 76):

    tenue argentum venaeque secundae,

    Juv. 9, 31:

    haec fuit altera persona Thebis, sed tamen secunda ita, ut proxima esset Epaminondae,

    Nep. Pel. 4, 3. —With abl.:

    haud ulli veterum virtute secundus,

    inferior, Verg. A. 11, 441.—With inf.:

    nec vertere cuiquam Frena secundus Halys,

    Stat. Th. 2, 574.—Esp., in phrase partes secundae, second parts, inferior parts:

    in actoribus Graecis, ille qui est secundarum aut tertiarum partium,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

    ut credas partis mimum tractare secundas,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14.—With ab:

    hic erit a mensis fine secunda dies,

    the last day but one of the month, Ov. F. 1, 710. —As subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. partes), the second or inferior parts:

    Spinther secundarum tertiarum Pamphilus,

    Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 54; Inscr. Orell. 2644:

    Q. Arrius, qui fuit M. Crassi quasi secundarum,

    Cic. Brut. 69, 242; so,

    secundas sortiri,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 3:

    ferre,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 46:

    deferre alicui,

    Quint. 10, 1, 53:

    agere,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 8, 6.—
    B.
    (Acc. to sequor, II.)
    1.
    Prop., naut. t. t., of currents of water, etc., favorable, fair (as following the course of the vessel):

    secundo flumine ad Lutetiam iter facere coepit,

    i. e. down the stream, Caes. B. G. 7, 58; so,

    Tiberi,

    Liv. 5, 46:

    amni,

    Verg. G. 3, 447:

    fluvio,

    id. A. 7, 494:

    aqua,

    Liv. 21, 28; cf.:

    totā rate in secundam aquam labente,

    with the current, id. 21, 47:

    et ventum et aestum uno tempore nactus secundum,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; so,

    aestu,

    Liv. 23, 41:

    mari,

    id. 29, 7; and, poet.:

    (Neptunus) curru secundo,

    speeding along, Verg. A. 1, 156:

    secundo amne,

    Curt. 4, 7, 9:

    navigatio,

    Tac. A. 2, 8.—Esp., of winds:

    in portum vento secundo, velo passo pervenit,

    Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 45; cf.:

    cum videam navem secundis ventis cursum tenentem suum,

    Cic. Planc. 39, 94; so,

    ventus,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; Hor. C. 2, 10, 23; id. Ep. 2, 1, 102; cf.

    aquilo,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 201.— Sup.:

    cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83.—Of sails (trop.):

    des ingenio vela secunda meo,

    Ov. F. 3, 790.—
    2.
    Transf., with, according to any thing: austri anniversarii secundo sole flant, i. e. according to the course of the sun, Nigid. ap. Gell. 2, 22, 31: squama secunda (opp. adversa), as we say, with the grain, i. e. so as to offer no resistance to the hand when it is passed from the head to the tail, id. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—
    3.
    Trop., favorable, propitious, fortunate (opp. adversus); absol.:

    secundo populo aliquid facere,

    with the consent of the people, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 4; so,

    concio,

    id. Agr. 2, 37, 101; cf.:

    voluntas concionis,

    id. Att. 1, 19, 4:

    admurmurationes cuncti senatūs,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3: rumor, Enn. ap. Non. 385, 17 (Ann. v. 260 Vahl.); Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 9:

    clamor,

    Verg. A. 5, 491:

    aures,

    Liv. 6, 40; 33, 46; 42, 28:

    praesentibus ac secundis diis,

    id. 7, 26; so,

    dis auspicibus et Junone secundā,

    Verg. A. 4, 45; and:

    secundo Marte ruat,

    id. ib. 10, 21:

    adi pede sacra secundo,

    id. ib. 8, 302;

    10, 255: auspicia,

    Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27; cf. avis, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 82 Vahl.); and in poet. hypallage:

    haruspex,

    Verg. A. 11, 739: scitus, secunda loquens in tempore, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 3 (Ann. v. 251 Vahl.): res (opp. adversae), Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90;

    so,

    id. Lael. 5, 17; 6, 22; id. Att. 4, 2, 1; Hor. S. 2, 8, 74; cf.

    fortunae (opp. adversae),

    Cic. Sull. 23, 66;

    and tempora (opp. adversi casus),

    Auct. Her. 4, 17, 24; so, res, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll. (Ann. v. 357 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88 (with prosperitates); Verg. A. 10, 502; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: fortunae, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. parsi, p. 242 Müll.; Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 28:

    proelia,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 1:

    motus Galliae,

    successful, id. ib. 7, 59; and:

    belli exitus,

    Hor. C. 4, 14, 38:

    consilium,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42:

    labores,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 45.— Comp.:

    reliqua militia secundiore famā fuit,

    Suet. Caes. 2.— Sup.:

    secundissima proelia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 62.— With dat.:

    secunda (sc. verba) irae,

    i. e. increasing, promoting it, Liv. 2, 38.— Comp.:

    secundiore equitum proelio nostris,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 9.— Sup.:

    tres leges secundissimas plebei, adversas nobilitati tulit,

    Liv. 8, 12: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse videntur, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, B.—As subst.: sĕcunda, ōrum, n., favorable circumstances, good fortune:

    sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem,

    Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:

    age, me in tuis secundis respice,

    Ter. And. 5, 6, 11:

    omnium secundorum adversorumque causes in deos vertere,

    Liv. 28, 11, 1:

    in secundis sapere et consulere,

    id. 30, 42, 16:

    nimius homo inter secunda,

    Tac. H. 2, 59; 1, 10; Curt. 4, 6, 31:

    nemo confidat nimium secundis,

    Sen. Thyest. 615:

    poscunt fidem secunda,

    id. Agam. 934:

    secunda non habent unquam modum,

    id. Oedip. 694.
    2.
    Sĕcundus, i, m.; Sĕcunda, ae, f. [1. secundus], a Roman proper name.
    I.
    C. Plinius Secundus, the writer on natural history. —
    II.
    C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus, his nephew:

    OCTAVIA Q. F. SECVNDA,

    Inscr. Grut. 445, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > secundae

  • 7 Secundus

    1.
    sĕcundus, a, um, adj. [sequor], following.
    A.
    (Acc. to sequor, I. B. 2.)
    1.
    Prop., the following in time or order, the next to the first, the second (cf.: alter, proximus); absol.: si te secundo lumine hic offendero, the next morning, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: de tribus unum esset optandum...optimum est facere; secundum, nec facere nec pati;

    miserrimum digladiari semper, etc.,

    the next best, Cic. Rep. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

    id secundum erat de tribus,

    id. Or. 15, 50:

    aliquem obligare secundo sacramento, priore amisso, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 11, 36; cf.:

    prioribus equitum partibus secundis additis,

    id. Rep. 2, 20, 36:

    Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae,

    id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

    Olympias secunda et sexagesima,

    id. ib. 2, 15, 28:

    oriens incendium belli Punici secundi,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 1: aliquem secundum heredem instituere, the second or substituted heir, if the first-named die or refuse the inheritance, id. Fam. 13, 61; so,

    heres,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Inscr. Orell. 3416:

    mensa,

    the second course, dessert, Cic. Att. 14, 6, 2; 14, 21, 4; Cels. 1, 2 fin.; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120; 19, 8, 53, § 167; Verg. G. 2, 101; Hor. S. 2, 2, 121:

    Germania,

    Lower Germany, Amm. 15, 8, 19.— Subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. membranae), the after-birth, secundines:

    partus,

    Cels. 7, 29 fin.:

    non magis pertinere quam secundas ad editum infantem,

    Sen. Ep. 92, 34; Col. 7, 7, 4; Plin. 27, 4, 13, § 30; 30, 14, 43, § 123:

    secundae partūs,

    id. 9, 13, 15, § 41; 20, 6, 23, § 51; 20, 11, 44, § 115.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Following, next, second in rank, value, etc.; with ad:

    quorum ordo proxime accedit, ut secundus sit ad regium principatum,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52.—With ab:

    potentiā secundus a rege,

    Hirt. B. Alex. 66;

    with which cf.: secundus a Romulo conditor urbis Romanae,

    Liv. 7, 1 fin.; and:

    Ajax, heros ab Achille secundus,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

    qui honos secundus a rege erat,

    Just. 18, 4, 5.— Absol.: nil majus generatur ipso (Jove), Nec viget quicquam simile aut secundum, Hor. C. 1, 12, 18:

    tu (Juppiter) secundo Caesare regnes,

    id. ib. 1, 12, 51; corresp. to maxime:

    maxime vellem...secundo autem loco, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf.:

    me maxime consolatur spes, etc....facile secundo loco me consolatur recordatio, etc.,

    id. Fam. 1, 6, 1 sq.:

    cotes Creticae diu maximam laudem habuere, secundam Laconicae,

    Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164.—With dat.:

    nulli Campanorum secundus vinctus ad mortem rapior,

    Liv. 23, 10, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    regio spatio locorum nulli earum gentium secunda,

    Curt. 5, 10, 3; Vell. 2, 76, 1:

    secundus sibi, non par,

    Just. 11, 12, 14:

    secunda nobilitas Falerno agro,

    id. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

    bonitas amomo pallido,

    id. 12, 13, 28, § 48.—With abl., Hirt. B. Alex. 66; cf. supra.—
    b.
    With the prevailing idea of subjection or inferiority, secondary, subordinate, inferior; absol.:

    secundae sortis ingenium,

    only of the second grade, Sen. Ep. 52, 3:

    moneri velle ac posse secunda virtus est,

    id. Ben. 5, 25, 4; cf.:

    (servi) quasi secundum hominum genus sunt,

    Flor. 3, 20, 1:

    vivit siliquis et pane secundo (i. e. secundario),

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 123 (cf.:

    secundarius panis,

    Plin. 18, 10, 20, § 89; Suet. Aug. 76):

    tenue argentum venaeque secundae,

    Juv. 9, 31:

    haec fuit altera persona Thebis, sed tamen secunda ita, ut proxima esset Epaminondae,

    Nep. Pel. 4, 3. —With abl.:

    haud ulli veterum virtute secundus,

    inferior, Verg. A. 11, 441.—With inf.:

    nec vertere cuiquam Frena secundus Halys,

    Stat. Th. 2, 574.—Esp., in phrase partes secundae, second parts, inferior parts:

    in actoribus Graecis, ille qui est secundarum aut tertiarum partium,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

    ut credas partis mimum tractare secundas,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14.—With ab:

    hic erit a mensis fine secunda dies,

    the last day but one of the month, Ov. F. 1, 710. —As subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. partes), the second or inferior parts:

    Spinther secundarum tertiarum Pamphilus,

    Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 54; Inscr. Orell. 2644:

    Q. Arrius, qui fuit M. Crassi quasi secundarum,

    Cic. Brut. 69, 242; so,

    secundas sortiri,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 3:

    ferre,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 46:

    deferre alicui,

    Quint. 10, 1, 53:

    agere,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 8, 6.—
    B.
    (Acc. to sequor, II.)
    1.
    Prop., naut. t. t., of currents of water, etc., favorable, fair (as following the course of the vessel):

    secundo flumine ad Lutetiam iter facere coepit,

    i. e. down the stream, Caes. B. G. 7, 58; so,

    Tiberi,

    Liv. 5, 46:

    amni,

    Verg. G. 3, 447:

    fluvio,

    id. A. 7, 494:

    aqua,

    Liv. 21, 28; cf.:

    totā rate in secundam aquam labente,

    with the current, id. 21, 47:

    et ventum et aestum uno tempore nactus secundum,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; so,

    aestu,

    Liv. 23, 41:

    mari,

    id. 29, 7; and, poet.:

    (Neptunus) curru secundo,

    speeding along, Verg. A. 1, 156:

    secundo amne,

    Curt. 4, 7, 9:

    navigatio,

    Tac. A. 2, 8.—Esp., of winds:

    in portum vento secundo, velo passo pervenit,

    Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 45; cf.:

    cum videam navem secundis ventis cursum tenentem suum,

    Cic. Planc. 39, 94; so,

    ventus,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; Hor. C. 2, 10, 23; id. Ep. 2, 1, 102; cf.

    aquilo,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 201.— Sup.:

    cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83.—Of sails (trop.):

    des ingenio vela secunda meo,

    Ov. F. 3, 790.—
    2.
    Transf., with, according to any thing: austri anniversarii secundo sole flant, i. e. according to the course of the sun, Nigid. ap. Gell. 2, 22, 31: squama secunda (opp. adversa), as we say, with the grain, i. e. so as to offer no resistance to the hand when it is passed from the head to the tail, id. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—
    3.
    Trop., favorable, propitious, fortunate (opp. adversus); absol.:

    secundo populo aliquid facere,

    with the consent of the people, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 4; so,

    concio,

    id. Agr. 2, 37, 101; cf.:

    voluntas concionis,

    id. Att. 1, 19, 4:

    admurmurationes cuncti senatūs,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3: rumor, Enn. ap. Non. 385, 17 (Ann. v. 260 Vahl.); Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 9:

    clamor,

    Verg. A. 5, 491:

    aures,

    Liv. 6, 40; 33, 46; 42, 28:

    praesentibus ac secundis diis,

    id. 7, 26; so,

    dis auspicibus et Junone secundā,

    Verg. A. 4, 45; and:

    secundo Marte ruat,

    id. ib. 10, 21:

    adi pede sacra secundo,

    id. ib. 8, 302;

    10, 255: auspicia,

    Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27; cf. avis, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 82 Vahl.); and in poet. hypallage:

    haruspex,

    Verg. A. 11, 739: scitus, secunda loquens in tempore, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 3 (Ann. v. 251 Vahl.): res (opp. adversae), Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90;

    so,

    id. Lael. 5, 17; 6, 22; id. Att. 4, 2, 1; Hor. S. 2, 8, 74; cf.

    fortunae (opp. adversae),

    Cic. Sull. 23, 66;

    and tempora (opp. adversi casus),

    Auct. Her. 4, 17, 24; so, res, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll. (Ann. v. 357 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88 (with prosperitates); Verg. A. 10, 502; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: fortunae, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. parsi, p. 242 Müll.; Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 28:

    proelia,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 1:

    motus Galliae,

    successful, id. ib. 7, 59; and:

    belli exitus,

    Hor. C. 4, 14, 38:

    consilium,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42:

    labores,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 45.— Comp.:

    reliqua militia secundiore famā fuit,

    Suet. Caes. 2.— Sup.:

    secundissima proelia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 62.— With dat.:

    secunda (sc. verba) irae,

    i. e. increasing, promoting it, Liv. 2, 38.— Comp.:

    secundiore equitum proelio nostris,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 9.— Sup.:

    tres leges secundissimas plebei, adversas nobilitati tulit,

    Liv. 8, 12: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse videntur, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, B.—As subst.: sĕcunda, ōrum, n., favorable circumstances, good fortune:

    sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem,

    Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:

    age, me in tuis secundis respice,

    Ter. And. 5, 6, 11:

    omnium secundorum adversorumque causes in deos vertere,

    Liv. 28, 11, 1:

    in secundis sapere et consulere,

    id. 30, 42, 16:

    nimius homo inter secunda,

    Tac. H. 2, 59; 1, 10; Curt. 4, 6, 31:

    nemo confidat nimium secundis,

    Sen. Thyest. 615:

    poscunt fidem secunda,

    id. Agam. 934:

    secunda non habent unquam modum,

    id. Oedip. 694.
    2.
    Sĕcundus, i, m.; Sĕcunda, ae, f. [1. secundus], a Roman proper name.
    I.
    C. Plinius Secundus, the writer on natural history. —
    II.
    C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus, his nephew:

    OCTAVIA Q. F. SECVNDA,

    Inscr. Grut. 445, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Secundus

  • 8 secundus

    1.
    sĕcundus, a, um, adj. [sequor], following.
    A.
    (Acc. to sequor, I. B. 2.)
    1.
    Prop., the following in time or order, the next to the first, the second (cf.: alter, proximus); absol.: si te secundo lumine hic offendero, the next morning, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: de tribus unum esset optandum...optimum est facere; secundum, nec facere nec pati;

    miserrimum digladiari semper, etc.,

    the next best, Cic. Rep. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

    id secundum erat de tribus,

    id. Or. 15, 50:

    aliquem obligare secundo sacramento, priore amisso, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 11, 36; cf.:

    prioribus equitum partibus secundis additis,

    id. Rep. 2, 20, 36:

    Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae,

    id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

    Olympias secunda et sexagesima,

    id. ib. 2, 15, 28:

    oriens incendium belli Punici secundi,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 1: aliquem secundum heredem instituere, the second or substituted heir, if the first-named die or refuse the inheritance, id. Fam. 13, 61; so,

    heres,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Inscr. Orell. 3416:

    mensa,

    the second course, dessert, Cic. Att. 14, 6, 2; 14, 21, 4; Cels. 1, 2 fin.; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120; 19, 8, 53, § 167; Verg. G. 2, 101; Hor. S. 2, 2, 121:

    Germania,

    Lower Germany, Amm. 15, 8, 19.— Subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. membranae), the after-birth, secundines:

    partus,

    Cels. 7, 29 fin.:

    non magis pertinere quam secundas ad editum infantem,

    Sen. Ep. 92, 34; Col. 7, 7, 4; Plin. 27, 4, 13, § 30; 30, 14, 43, § 123:

    secundae partūs,

    id. 9, 13, 15, § 41; 20, 6, 23, § 51; 20, 11, 44, § 115.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Following, next, second in rank, value, etc.; with ad:

    quorum ordo proxime accedit, ut secundus sit ad regium principatum,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52.—With ab:

    potentiā secundus a rege,

    Hirt. B. Alex. 66;

    with which cf.: secundus a Romulo conditor urbis Romanae,

    Liv. 7, 1 fin.; and:

    Ajax, heros ab Achille secundus,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

    qui honos secundus a rege erat,

    Just. 18, 4, 5.— Absol.: nil majus generatur ipso (Jove), Nec viget quicquam simile aut secundum, Hor. C. 1, 12, 18:

    tu (Juppiter) secundo Caesare regnes,

    id. ib. 1, 12, 51; corresp. to maxime:

    maxime vellem...secundo autem loco, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf.:

    me maxime consolatur spes, etc....facile secundo loco me consolatur recordatio, etc.,

    id. Fam. 1, 6, 1 sq.:

    cotes Creticae diu maximam laudem habuere, secundam Laconicae,

    Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164.—With dat.:

    nulli Campanorum secundus vinctus ad mortem rapior,

    Liv. 23, 10, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    regio spatio locorum nulli earum gentium secunda,

    Curt. 5, 10, 3; Vell. 2, 76, 1:

    secundus sibi, non par,

    Just. 11, 12, 14:

    secunda nobilitas Falerno agro,

    id. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

    bonitas amomo pallido,

    id. 12, 13, 28, § 48.—With abl., Hirt. B. Alex. 66; cf. supra.—
    b.
    With the prevailing idea of subjection or inferiority, secondary, subordinate, inferior; absol.:

    secundae sortis ingenium,

    only of the second grade, Sen. Ep. 52, 3:

    moneri velle ac posse secunda virtus est,

    id. Ben. 5, 25, 4; cf.:

    (servi) quasi secundum hominum genus sunt,

    Flor. 3, 20, 1:

    vivit siliquis et pane secundo (i. e. secundario),

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 123 (cf.:

    secundarius panis,

    Plin. 18, 10, 20, § 89; Suet. Aug. 76):

    tenue argentum venaeque secundae,

    Juv. 9, 31:

    haec fuit altera persona Thebis, sed tamen secunda ita, ut proxima esset Epaminondae,

    Nep. Pel. 4, 3. —With abl.:

    haud ulli veterum virtute secundus,

    inferior, Verg. A. 11, 441.—With inf.:

    nec vertere cuiquam Frena secundus Halys,

    Stat. Th. 2, 574.—Esp., in phrase partes secundae, second parts, inferior parts:

    in actoribus Graecis, ille qui est secundarum aut tertiarum partium,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

    ut credas partis mimum tractare secundas,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14.—With ab:

    hic erit a mensis fine secunda dies,

    the last day but one of the month, Ov. F. 1, 710. —As subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. partes), the second or inferior parts:

    Spinther secundarum tertiarum Pamphilus,

    Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 54; Inscr. Orell. 2644:

    Q. Arrius, qui fuit M. Crassi quasi secundarum,

    Cic. Brut. 69, 242; so,

    secundas sortiri,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 3:

    ferre,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 46:

    deferre alicui,

    Quint. 10, 1, 53:

    agere,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 8, 6.—
    B.
    (Acc. to sequor, II.)
    1.
    Prop., naut. t. t., of currents of water, etc., favorable, fair (as following the course of the vessel):

    secundo flumine ad Lutetiam iter facere coepit,

    i. e. down the stream, Caes. B. G. 7, 58; so,

    Tiberi,

    Liv. 5, 46:

    amni,

    Verg. G. 3, 447:

    fluvio,

    id. A. 7, 494:

    aqua,

    Liv. 21, 28; cf.:

    totā rate in secundam aquam labente,

    with the current, id. 21, 47:

    et ventum et aestum uno tempore nactus secundum,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; so,

    aestu,

    Liv. 23, 41:

    mari,

    id. 29, 7; and, poet.:

    (Neptunus) curru secundo,

    speeding along, Verg. A. 1, 156:

    secundo amne,

    Curt. 4, 7, 9:

    navigatio,

    Tac. A. 2, 8.—Esp., of winds:

    in portum vento secundo, velo passo pervenit,

    Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 45; cf.:

    cum videam navem secundis ventis cursum tenentem suum,

    Cic. Planc. 39, 94; so,

    ventus,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; Hor. C. 2, 10, 23; id. Ep. 2, 1, 102; cf.

    aquilo,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 201.— Sup.:

    cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83.—Of sails (trop.):

    des ingenio vela secunda meo,

    Ov. F. 3, 790.—
    2.
    Transf., with, according to any thing: austri anniversarii secundo sole flant, i. e. according to the course of the sun, Nigid. ap. Gell. 2, 22, 31: squama secunda (opp. adversa), as we say, with the grain, i. e. so as to offer no resistance to the hand when it is passed from the head to the tail, id. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—
    3.
    Trop., favorable, propitious, fortunate (opp. adversus); absol.:

    secundo populo aliquid facere,

    with the consent of the people, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 4; so,

    concio,

    id. Agr. 2, 37, 101; cf.:

    voluntas concionis,

    id. Att. 1, 19, 4:

    admurmurationes cuncti senatūs,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3: rumor, Enn. ap. Non. 385, 17 (Ann. v. 260 Vahl.); Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 9:

    clamor,

    Verg. A. 5, 491:

    aures,

    Liv. 6, 40; 33, 46; 42, 28:

    praesentibus ac secundis diis,

    id. 7, 26; so,

    dis auspicibus et Junone secundā,

    Verg. A. 4, 45; and:

    secundo Marte ruat,

    id. ib. 10, 21:

    adi pede sacra secundo,

    id. ib. 8, 302;

    10, 255: auspicia,

    Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27; cf. avis, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 82 Vahl.); and in poet. hypallage:

    haruspex,

    Verg. A. 11, 739: scitus, secunda loquens in tempore, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 3 (Ann. v. 251 Vahl.): res (opp. adversae), Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90;

    so,

    id. Lael. 5, 17; 6, 22; id. Att. 4, 2, 1; Hor. S. 2, 8, 74; cf.

    fortunae (opp. adversae),

    Cic. Sull. 23, 66;

    and tempora (opp. adversi casus),

    Auct. Her. 4, 17, 24; so, res, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll. (Ann. v. 357 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88 (with prosperitates); Verg. A. 10, 502; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: fortunae, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. parsi, p. 242 Müll.; Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 28:

    proelia,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 1:

    motus Galliae,

    successful, id. ib. 7, 59; and:

    belli exitus,

    Hor. C. 4, 14, 38:

    consilium,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42:

    labores,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 45.— Comp.:

    reliqua militia secundiore famā fuit,

    Suet. Caes. 2.— Sup.:

    secundissima proelia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 62.— With dat.:

    secunda (sc. verba) irae,

    i. e. increasing, promoting it, Liv. 2, 38.— Comp.:

    secundiore equitum proelio nostris,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 9.— Sup.:

    tres leges secundissimas plebei, adversas nobilitati tulit,

    Liv. 8, 12: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse videntur, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, B.—As subst.: sĕcunda, ōrum, n., favorable circumstances, good fortune:

    sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem,

    Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:

    age, me in tuis secundis respice,

    Ter. And. 5, 6, 11:

    omnium secundorum adversorumque causes in deos vertere,

    Liv. 28, 11, 1:

    in secundis sapere et consulere,

    id. 30, 42, 16:

    nimius homo inter secunda,

    Tac. H. 2, 59; 1, 10; Curt. 4, 6, 31:

    nemo confidat nimium secundis,

    Sen. Thyest. 615:

    poscunt fidem secunda,

    id. Agam. 934:

    secunda non habent unquam modum,

    id. Oedip. 694.
    2.
    Sĕcundus, i, m.; Sĕcunda, ae, f. [1. secundus], a Roman proper name.
    I.
    C. Plinius Secundus, the writer on natural history. —
    II.
    C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus, his nephew:

    OCTAVIA Q. F. SECVNDA,

    Inscr. Grut. 445, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > secundus

  • 9 tractus

    1.
    tractus, a, um, Part. and P. a. of traho.
    2.
    tractus, ūs, m. [traho], a drawing, dragging, hauling, pulling, drawing out, trailing.
    I.
    Lit. (mostly poet.):

    tractu gementem Ferre rotam,

    Verg. G. 3, 183:

    tractu taurea terga domant,

    Val. Fl. 6, 359:

    modicus tractus (al. tractatus),

    Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 153:

    aut si qua incerto fallet te littera tractu,

    stroke, Prop. 4 (5), 3, 5:

    continuus subitarum tractus aquarum,

    i. e. a drinking, Luc. 4, 368; cf.:

    aëra pestiferum tractu,

    i.e. a drawing in, inhalation, id. 7, 412:

    repetitaque longo Vellera mollibat nebulis aequantia tractu,

    Ov. M. 6, 21: harenam fluctus trahunt... Syrtes ab tractu nominatae, i. e. from Gr. surô, = traho;

    because of this drawing,

    Sall. J. 78, 3:

    (risus) interdum quodam etiam corporis tractu lacessitur,

    i. e. movement, Quint. 6, 3, 7.—Of a serpent, a drawing itself along, a creeping, crawling:

    squameus in spiram tractu se colligit anguis,

    Verg. G. 2, 154; Ov. M. 15, 725; Claud. B. Get. 22; id. II. Cons. Stil. 172.—
    2.
    Concr., a train, track, course:

    nonne vides longos flammarum ducere tractus,

    long trains, Lucr. 2, 207: flammarum, Verg. G. 1, 367; Luc. 2, 270: (Phaëthon) longo per aëra tractu Fertur, in a long train (of fire), Ov. M. 2, 320:

    longo per multa volumina tractu Aestuat unda minax,

    Luc. 5, 565; so of the course of the moon, Cic. Div. 2, 46, 97;

    of the Nile,

    Luc. 10, 257:

    (Cydnus) leni tractu e fontibus labens puro solo excipitur,

    Curt. 3, 4, 8:

    aquarum,

    id. 5, 3, 2:

    ut arborum tractu equitatus hostium impediretur,

    Nep. Milt. 5, 3;

    of the wind,

    Val. Fl. 1, 614; cf. Manil. 1, 532; 3, 366. —
    B.
    Transf., a space drawn out, i. e. a stretch, extent, tract of a thing (class.):

    castrorum,

    Liv. 3, 28, 1:

    cujus (urbis) is est tractus ductusque muri, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 6, 11 Moser N. cr.:

    cum mediae jaceant immensis tractibus Alpes,

    Luc. 2, 630; and Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 9. —
    2.
    Concr., of places, a territory, district, region, tract of land (class.;

    syn.: regio, plaga): oppidi,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 112:

    corruptus caeli tractus,

    Verg. A. 3, 138 Serv.:

    tractus ille celeberrimus Venafranus,

    Cic. Planc. 9, 22:

    tractus uter plures lepores, uter educet apros,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 22:

    tractu surgens oleaster eodem,

    Verg. G. 2, 182:

    genera (vitium) separari ac singulis conseri tractibus, utilissimum,

    Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 187; Flor. 1, 15, 2.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., course, progress, movement:

    tractus orationis lenis et aequabilis,

    course, movement, current, Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 54; cf.:

    in omni corpore, totoque, ut ita dixerim, tractu (orationis),

    Quint. 9, 4, 61:

    cetera continuo magis orationis tractu decurrunt,

    id. 5, 8, 2.—
    2.
    Of time, space, lapse, period:

    quod neque clara suo percurrere fulmina cursu Perpetuo possint aevi labentia tractu,

    Lucr. 1, 1004; 5, 1216:

    eodem tractu temporum nituerunt oratores, etc.,

    Vell. 2, 9, 1:

    aetatis,

    Val. Max. 8, 13, ext. 2:

    hoc legatum Cum voluerit, tractum habet, quamdiu vivat is, a quo, etc.,

    duration, period, Dig. 32, 1, 11. —
    B.
    In partic., a drawing out, protracting, lengthening, protraction, extension, length:

    quanta haesitatio tractusque verborum!

    drawling, Cic. de Or. 2, 50, 202:

    pares elocutionum,

    Quint. 4, 2, 118:

    illa (historia) tractu et suavitate atque etiam dulcedine placet,

    extent, copiousness, Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 10.—
    2.
    Of time:

    durante tractu et lentitudine mortis,

    Tac. A. 15, 64:

    belli,

    id. ib. 15, 10.—
    3.
    In gram.:

    in tractu et declinatione talia sunt, qualia apud Ciceronem beatitas et beatitudo,

    a lengthening in derivation, Quint. 8, 3, 32 Spald.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tractus

  • 10 in

    1.
    in (old forms endŏ and indŭ, freq. in ante-class. poets; cf. Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4; id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2; Lucil. ap. Lact. 5, 9, 20; Lucr. 2, 1096; 5, 102; 6, 890 et saep.), prep. with abl. and acc. [kindr. with Sanscr. an; Greek en, en-tha, en-then, eis, i. e. en-s, ana; Goth. ana; Germ. in], denotes either rest or motion within or into a place or thing; opp. to ex; in, within, on, upon, among, at; into, to, towards.
    I.
    With abl.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    Lit., in (with abl. of the place or thing in which):

    aliorum fructus in terra est, aliorum et extra,

    Plin. 19, 4, 22, § 61:

    alii in corde, alii in cerebro dixerunt animi esse sedem et locum,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 19:

    eo in rostris sedente suasit Serviliam legem Crassus,

    id. Brut. 43, 161:

    qui sunt cives in eadem re publica,

    id. Rep. 1, 32 fin.:

    facillimam in ea re publica esse concordiam, in qua idem conducat omnibus,

    id. ib.:

    T. Labienus ex loco superiore, quae res in nostris castris gererentur, conspicatus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4:

    quod si in scaena, id est in contione verum valet, etc.,

    Cic. Lael. 26, 97:

    in foro palam Syracusis,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81:

    plures in eo loco sine vulnere quam in proelio aut fuga intereunt,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 35:

    tulit de caede, quae in Appia via facta esset,

    Cic. Mil. 6, 15:

    in via fornicata,

    Liv. 22, 36:

    vigebat in illa domo mos patrius et disciplina,

    Cic. de Sen. 11, 37:

    in domo furtum factum ab eo qui domi fuit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 16:

    nupta in domo,

    Liv. 6, 34, 9:

    copias in castris continent,

    in, within, Caes. B. C. 1, 66:

    cum in angusto quodam pulpito stans diceret,

    Quint. 11, 3, 130:

    se ac suos in vehiculo conspici,

    Liv. 5, 40, 10:

    malo in illa tua sedecula sedere, quam in istorum sella curuli,

    Cic. Att. 4, 10:

    sedere in solio,

    id. Fin. 2, 21, 66:

    Albae constiterant, in urbe opportuna,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 6. —

    Sometimes, also, with names of places: omnes se ultro sectari in Epheso memorat mulieres,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 182:

    heri aliquot adolescentuli coiimus in Piraeo,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 1:

    navis et in Cajeta est parata nobis et Brundisii,

    Cic. Att. 8, 3, 6:

    complures (naves) in Hispali faciendas curavit,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 18:

    caesos in Marathone ac Salamine,

    Quint. 12, 10, 24:

    in Berenice urbe Troglodytarum,

    Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 183.—
    2.
    In indicating a multitude or number, of, in, or among which a person or thing is, in, among (= gen. part.):

    in his poeta hic nomen profitetur suum,

    Ter. Eun. prol. 3:

    Thales, qui sapientissimus in septem fuit,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 26:

    peto ut eum complectare, diligas, in tuis habeas,

    id. Fam. 13, 78, 2; cf.:

    in perditis et desperatis,

    id. ib. 13, 56, 1:

    omnia quae secundum naturam fiunt, sunt habenda in bonis,

    id. de Sen. 19, 71:

    dolor in maximis malis ducitur,

    id. Leg. 1, 11, 31:

    justissimus unus in Teucris,

    Verg. A. 2, 426:

    cecidere in pugna ad duo milia... in his quatuor Romani centuriones,

    Liv. 27, 12, 16:

    in diis et feminae sunt,

    Lact. 1, 16, 17.—
    3.
    Of analogous relations of place or position:

    sedere in equo,

    on horseback, id. Verr. 2, 5, 10:

    quid legati in equis,

    id. Pis. 25, 60:

    sedere in leone,

    Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 109:

    in eo flumine pons erat,

    on, over, Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

    in herboso Apidano,

    on the banks of, Prop. 1, 3, 6:

    in digitis,

    on tiptoe, Val. Fl. 4, 267:

    castra in limite locat,

    on the rampart, Tac. A. 1, 50:

    ipse coronam habebat unam in capite, alteram in collo,

    on, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27:

    oleae in arbore,

    Cels. 2, 24:

    Caesaris in barbaris erat nomen obscurius,

    among, Caes. B. C. 1, 61:

    in ceteris nationibus, Cels. praef. 1: qui in Brutiis praeerat,

    Liv. 25, 16, 7:

    in juvenibus,

    Quint. 11, 1, 32:

    nutus in mutis pro sermone est,

    id. 11, 3, 66.—Of dress, like cum, q. v.:

    in veste candida,

    Liv. 45, 20, 5; 34, 7, 3:

    in calceis,

    id. 24, 38, 2:

    in insignibus,

    id. 5, 41, 2:

    in tunicis albis,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 13:

    in Persico et vulgari habitu,

    Curt. 3, 3, 4:

    in lugubri veste,

    id. 10, 5, 17:

    in Tyriis,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 297:

    in Cois,

    id. ib. v. 298; cf.:

    homines in catenis Romam mittere,

    Liv. 29, 21, 12; 32, 1, 8: quis multa te in rosa urget, etc., Hor C. 1, 5, 1; so, in viola aut in rosa, Cic. Tusc. [p. 912] 5, 26, 73.—So of arms:

    duas legiones in armis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 11, 6; cf. Verg. A. 3, 395:

    in armis hostis,

    under arms, Ov. M. 12,65:

    quae in ore atque in oculis provinciae gesta sunt (= coram),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81; so,

    in oculis provinciae,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 2:

    in oculis omnium,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 7:

    divitiae, decus, gloria in oculis sita sunt,

    Sall. C. 20, 14; Curt. 4, 13, 1; Liv. 22, 12, 6:

    Julianus in ore ejus (Vitellii) jugulatur,

    Tac. H. 3, 77; Sen. Ben. 7, 19, 7.—Of a passage in any writing (but when the author is named, by meton., for his works, apud is used, Krebs, Antibarb. p. 561):

    in populorum institutis aut legibus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 15, 42:

    in illis libris qui sunt de natura deorum,

    id. Fat. 1, 1:

    in Timaeo dicit,

    id. N. D. 1, 12, 30:

    epistula, in qua omnia perscripta erant,

    Nep. Pelop. 3, 2:

    perscribit in litteris, hostes ab se discessisse,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 49; but in is also used with an author's name when, not a place in his book, but a feature of his style, etc., is referred to:

    in Thucydide orbem modo orationis desidero,

    Cic. Or. 71, 234:

    in Herodoto omnia leniter fluunt,

    Quint. 9, 4, 18.—Of books:

    libri oratorii diu in manibus fuerunt,

    Cic. Att. 4, 13, 2; id. Lael. 25, 96; but more freq. trop.: in manibus habere, tenere, etc., to be engaged, occupied with, to have under control or within reach:

    philosophi quamcunque rem habent in manibus,

    id. Tusc. 5, 7, 18:

    quam spem nunc habeat in manibus, exponam,

    id. Verr. 1, 6, 16:

    rem habere in manibus,

    id. Att. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

    neque mihi in manu fuit Jugurtha qualis foret,

    in my power, Sall. J. 14, 4:

    postquam nihil esse in manu sua respondebatur,

    Liv. 32, 24, 2:

    quod ipsorum in manu sit,... bellum an pacem malint,

    Tac. A. 2, 46; but, cum tantum belli in manibus esset, was in hand, busied (cf.:

    inter manus),

    Liv. 4, 57, 1; so,

    quorum epistulas in manu teneo,

    Cic. Phil. 12, 4, 9; cf. id. Att. 2, 2, 2:

    in manu poculum tenens,

    id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71:

    coronati et lauream in manu tenentes,

    Liv. 40, 37, 3; Suet. Claud. 15 fin. —Of that which is thought of as existing in the mind, memory, character, etc.:

    in animo esse,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 11:

    in animo habere,

    id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52:

    lex est ratio insita in natura,

    id. Leg. 1, 6, 18:

    in memoria sedere,

    id. de Or. 2, 28, 122; cf.:

    tacito mutos volvunt in pectore questus,

    Luc. 1, 247:

    quanta auctoritas fuit in C. Metello!

    Cic. de Sen. 17, 61. —So freq. of a person's qualities of mind or character:

    erat in eo summa eloquentia, summa fides,

    Cic. Mur. 28, 58; cf.:

    in omni animante est summum aliquid atque optimum, ut in equis,

    id. Fin. 4, 41, 37:

    si quid artis in medicis est,

    Curt. 3, 5, 13; cf.:

    nibil esse in morte timendum,

    Lucr. 3, 866.— Esp., in eo loco, in that state or condition:

    in eo enim loco res sunt nostrae, ut, etc.,

    Liv. 7, 35, 7: si vos in eo loco essetis, quid aliud fecissetis? Cat. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 21; so,

    quo in loco, etc.: cum ex equitum et calonum fuga, quo in loco res essent, cognovissent,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 26:

    videtis, quo in loco res haec siet, Ter Phorm. 2, 4, 6: quod ipse, si in eodem loco esset, facturus fuerit,

    Liv. 37, 14, 5.—Hence, without loco, in eo esse ut, etc., to be in such a condition, etc.:

    non in eo esse Carthaginiensium res, ut Galliam armis obtineant,

    Liv. 30, 19, 3:

    cum res non in eo esset, ut Cyprum tentaret,

    id. 33, 41, 9; 8, 27, 3; 2, 17, 5; Nep. Mil. 7, 3; id. Paus. 5, 1 (cf. I. C. 1. infra).—
    B.
    In time, indicating its duration, in, during, in the course of:

    feci ego istaec itidem in adulescentia,

    in my youth, when I was young, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 6:

    in tempore hoc,

    Ter. And. 4, 5, 24:

    in hoc tempore,

    Tac. A. 13, 47:

    in tali tempore,

    Sall. C. 48, 5; Liv. 22, 35; 24, 28 al.:

    in diebus paucis,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 77:

    in brevi spatio,

    id. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Vesp. 4:

    in qua aetate,

    Cic. Brut. 43 fin.:

    in ea aetate,

    Liv. 1, 57:

    in omni aetate,

    Cic. de Sen. 3, 9:

    in aetate, qua jam Alexander orbem terrarum subegisset,

    Suet. Caes. 7:

    qua (sc. Iphigenia) nihil erat in eo quidem anno natum pulchrius,

    in the course of, during the year, Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95 (al. eo quidem anno):

    nihil in vita se simile fecisse,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 91: nihil in vita vidit calamitatis A. Cluentius. id. Clu. 6, 18:

    in tota vita inconstans,

    id. Tusc. 4, 13, 29.—
    b.
    In tempore, at the right or proper time, in time (Cic. uses only tempore; v. tempus): eccum ipsum video in tempore huc se recipere, Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 24:

    ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent,

    Liv. 33, 5:

    spreta in tempore gloria interdum cumulatior redit,

    id. 2, 47:

    rebellaturi,

    Tac. A. 12, 50:

    atque adeo in ipso tempore eccum ipsum obviam,

    Ter. And. 3, 2, 52: in tempore, opportune. Nos sine praepositione dicimus tempore et tempori, Don. ad Ter. And. 4, 4, 19.—
    c.
    In praesentia and in praesenti, at present, now, at this moment, under these circumstances:

    sic enim mihi in praesentia occurrit,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 14:

    vestrae quidem cenae non solum in praesentia, sed etiam postero die jucundae sunt,

    id. ib. 5, 35, 100:

    id quod unum maxime in praesentia desiderabatur,

    Liv. 21, 37:

    haec ad te in praesenti scripsi, ut, etc.,

    for the present, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 4.—
    d.
    With gerunds and fut. pass. participles, to indicate duration of time, in:

    fit, ut distrahatur in deliberando animus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 3, 9; id. Fam. 2, 6, 2:

    vitiosum esse in dividendo partem in genere numerare,

    id. Fin. 2, 9, 26:

    quod in litteris dandis praeter consuetudinem proxima nocte vigilarat,

    id. Cat. 3, 3, 6:

    ne in quaerendis suis pugnandi tempus dimitteret,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

    in agris vastandis incendiisque faciendis hostibus,

    in laying waste, id. ib. 5, 19:

    in excidenda Numantia,

    Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76:

    cum in immolanda Iphigenia tristis Calchas esset,

    id. Or. 21, 74.—
    C.
    In other relations, where a person or thing is thought of as in a certain condition, situation, or relation, in:

    qui magno in aere alieno majores etiam possessiones habent,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 8, 18:

    se in insperatis repentinisque pecuniis jactare,

    id. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    Larinum in summo timore omnium cum armatis advolavit,

    id. Clu. 8, 25.—

    So freq., of qualities or states of mind: summa in sollicitudine ac timore Parthici belli,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 31:

    torpescentne dextrae in amentia illa?

    Liv. 23, 9, 7:

    hunc diem perpetuum in laetitia degere,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Cat. 4, 1, 2:

    in metu,

    Tac. A. 14, 43:

    in voluptate,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 62:

    alicui in amore esse,

    beloved, id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 3:

    alicui in amoribus esse,

    id. Att. 6, 1, 12:

    res in invidia erat,

    Sall. J. 25, 5; Liv. 29, 37, 17: sum in expectatione omnium rerum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 10:

    num... Diogenem Stoicum coegit in suis studiis obmutescere senectus?

    in his studies, Cic. de Sen. 7, 21:

    mirificam cepi voluptatem ex tua diligentia: quod in summis tuis occupationibus mihi tamen rei publicae statum per te notum esse voluisti,

    even in, notwithstanding your great occupations, id. Fam. 3, 11, 4.—

    So freq., of business, employment, occupations, etc.: in aliqua re versari,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105:

    similia iis, quae in consilio dixerat,

    Curt. 5, 5, 23:

    in certamine armorum atque in omni palaestra quid satis recte cavetur,

    Quint. 9, 4, 8:

    agi in judiciis,

    id. 11, 1, 78:

    tum vos mihi essetis in consilio,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28:

    in actione... dicere,

    Quint. 8, 2, 2.—Of an office, magistracy:

    in quo tum magistratu forte Brutus erat,

    Liv. 1, 59, 7; 4, 17, 1:

    in eo magistratu pari diligentia se praebuit,

    Nep. Han. 7, 5 (cf. B. 1. supra):

    in ea ipsa causa fuit eloquentissimus,

    Cic. Brut, 43, 160:

    qui non defendit nec obsistit, si potest, injuriae, tam est in vitio, quam, etc.,

    is in the wrong, acts wrongly, id. Off. 1, 7, 23:

    etsi hoc quidem est in vitio, dissolutionem naturae tam valde perhorrescere,

    is wrong, id. Fin. 5, 11, 31:

    non sunt in eo genere tantae commoditates corporis,

    id. ib. 4, 12, 29; cf.:

    an omnino nulla sit in eo genere distinctio,

    id. Or. 61, 205:

    Drusus erat de praevaricatione absolutus in summa quatuor sententiis,

    on the whole, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16; cf.:

    et in omni summa, ut mones, valde me ad otium pacemque converto,

    id. ib. 3, 5, 5;

    but, in summa, sic maxime judex credit, etc.,

    in a word, in fine, Quint. 9, 2, 72; Auct. B. Alex. 71; Just. 37, 1, 8:

    horum (juvenum) inductio in parte simulacrum decurrentis exercitus erat: ex parte elegantioris exercitii quam militaris artis,

    in part, Liv. 44, 9, 5; cf.:

    quod mihi in parte verum videtur,

    Quint. 2, 8, 6:

    patronorum in parte expeditior, in parte difficilior interrogatio est,

    id. 5, 7, 22:

    hoc facere in eo homine consueverunt,

    in the case of, Caes. B. G. 7, 21:

    in furibus aerarii,

    Sall. C. 52, 12:

    Achilles talis in hoste fuit,

    Verg. A. 2, 540:

    in hoc homine saepe a me quaeris, etc.,

    in the case of, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 6: in nominibus impiis, Sall. C. 51, 15:

    suspectus et in morte matris fuit,

    Suet. Vit. 14:

    qui praesentes metuunt, in absentia hostes erunt, = absentes,

    Curt. 6, 3, 8 (cf. I. B. c. supra).—Of the meaning of words, etc.:

    non solum in eodem sensu, sed etiam in diverso, eadem verba contra,

    Quint. 9, 3, 36:

    aliter voces aut eaedem in diversa significatione ponuntur,

    id. 9, 3, 69:

    Sallustius in significatione ista non superesse sed superare dicit,

    Gell. 1, 22, 15:

    stips non dicitur in significatione trunci,

    Charis. 1, 18, 39:

    semper in significatione ea hortus,

    Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 50. —
    2.
    In with abl. of adjj. is used with the verbs esse and habere to express quality:

    cum exitus haud in facili essent, i. e. haud faciles,

    Liv. 3, 8, 9:

    adeo moderatio tuendae libertatis in difficili est,

    id. 3, 8, 11; 3, 65, 11; but mostly with adjj. of the first and second declension:

    in obscuro esse, Liv. praef. § 3: in dubio esse,

    id. 2, 3, 1; 3, 19, 8; Ov. H. 19, 174:

    dum in dubiost animus,

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; 2, 2, 10:

    in integro esse,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 16, 3; id. Att. 11, 15, 4:

    in incerto esse,

    Liv. 5, 28, 5:

    in obvio esse,

    id. 37, 23, 1:

    in tuto esse,

    id. 38, 4, 10; cf.:

    videre te in tuto,

    Cat. 30, 6:

    in aequo esse,

    Liv. 39, 37, 14; Tac. A. 2, 44:

    in expedito esse,

    Curt. 4, 2, 22:

    in proximo esse,

    Quint. 1, 3, 4:

    in aperto esse,

    Sall. C. 5, 3:

    in promisco esse,

    Liv. 7, 17, 7:

    in augusto esse,

    Cels. 5, 27, 2:

    in incerto haberi,

    Sall. J. 46, 8; Tac. A. 15, 17:

    in levi habitum,

    id. H. 2, 21; cf.:

    in incerto relinquere,

    Liv. 5, 28, 5; Tac. H. 2, 83.
    II.
    With acc.
    A.
    In space, with verbs of motion, into or to a place or thing (rarely with names of towns and small islands;

    v. Zumpt, Gram. § 398): influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 19:

    in Ephesum advenit,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 35:

    in Epirum venire,

    Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3:

    ibo in Piraeeum, visamque, ecquae advenerit in portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2: venio ad Piraeea, in quo magis reprehendendus sum, quod... Piraeea scripserim, non Piraeeum, quam in quod addiderim;

    non enim hoc ut oppido praeposui, sed ut loco,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10:

    se contulisse Tarquinios, in urbem Etruriae florentissimam,

    id. Rep. 2, 19:

    remigrare in domum veterem e nova,

    id. Ac. 1, 4, 13:

    cum in sua rura venerunt,

    id. Tusc. 5, 35, 102:

    a te ipso missi in ultimas gentes,

    id. Fam. 15, 9:

    in Ubios legatos mittere,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 11:

    dein Thalam pervenit, in oppidum magnum et opulentum,

    Sall. J. 75, 1:

    Regillum antiquam in patriam se contulerat,

    Liv. 3, 58, 1:

    abire in exercitum,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 102.— With nuntio:

    cum id Zmyrnam in contionem nuntiatum est,

    Tac. A. 4, 56:

    nuntiatur in castra,

    Lact. Most. Pers. 46; cf.:

    allatis in castra nuntiis,

    Tac. H. 4, 32: in manus sumere, tradere, etc., into one's hands:

    iste unumquodque vas in manus sumere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 63:

    Falerios se in manus Romanis tradidisse,

    Liv. 5, 27, 3.—Rarely with the verbs ponere, collocare, etc. (pregn., i. e. to bring into... and place there):

    in crimen populo ponere,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 10:

    ut liberos, uxores suaque omnia in silvas deponerent,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 19:

    duplam pecuniam in thesauros reponi,

    Liv. 29, 19, 7:

    prius me collocavi in arborem,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 8, 6:

    sororem et propinquas suas nuptum in alias civitates collocasse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 18.— Motion in any direction, up to, to, into, down to:

    in caelum ascendere,

    Cic. Lael. 23 fin.:

    filium ipse paene in umeros suos extulisset,

    id. de Or. 1, 53, 228:

    tamquam in aram confugitis ad deum,

    up to the altar, id. Tusc. 3, 10, 25:

    Saturno tenebrosa in Tartara misso,

    Ov. M. 1, 113:

    in flumen deicere,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 25, 70; Nep. Chab. 4, 3.—
    2.
    Denoting mere direction towards a place or thing, and hence sometimes joined with versus, towards:

    quid nunc supina sursum in caelum conspicis,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 78:

    si in latus aut dextrum aut sinistrum, ut ipsi in usu est, cubat,

    Cels. 2, 3:

    Belgae spectant in septentriones et orientem solem,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

    in orientem Germaniae, in occidentem Hispaniae obtenditur, Gallis in meridiem etiam inspicitur,

    Tac. Agr. 10:

    in laevum prona nixus sedet Inachus urna,

    Stat. Th. 2, 218.—With versus:

    castra ex Biturigibus movet in Arvernos versus,

    towards, Caes. B. G. 7, 8 fin.:

    in Galliam versus movere,

    Sall. C. 56, 4: in [p. 913] ltaliam versus, Front. Strat. 1, 4, 11:

    si in urbem versus venturi erant,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 82. —
    3.
    So of that which is thought of as entering into the mind, memory, etc. (cf. I. A. 2. fin.):

    in memoriam reducere,

    Cic. Inv 1, 52, 98:

    in animum inducere,

    Liv. 27, 9:

    in mentem venire,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3:

    frequens imitatio transit in mores,

    Quint. 1, 11, 3. —

    Or into a writing or speech: in illam Metellinam orationem addidi quaedam,

    Cic. Att. 1, 13, 5.—
    B.
    In time, into, till, for:

    dormiet in lucem,

    into the daylight, till broad day, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 34:

    statim e somno, quem plerumque in diem extrahunt, lavantur,

    Tac. G. 22: sermonem in multam noctem produximus, deep into the night, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess. p. 239 Lindem.:

    in multam noctem luxit,

    Suet. Tib. 74:

    si febris in noctem augetur,

    Cels. 7, 27:

    dixit in noctem atque etiam nocte illatis lucernis,

    Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 14:

    indutias in triginta annos impetraverunt,

    for thirty years, Liv. 9, 37, 12; 7, 20, 8:

    nisi id verbum in omne tempus perdidissem,

    forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1:

    ad cenam hominem in hortos invitavit in posterum diem,

    for the following day, id. Off. 3, 14, 58:

    audistis auctionem constitutam in mensem Januarium,

    id. Agr. 1, 2, 4:

    subito reliquit annum suum seque in annum proximum transtulit,

    id. Mil. 9, 24:

    solis defectiones itemque lunae praedicuntur in multos annos,

    for many years, id. Div. 2, 6, 17:

    postero die Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie,

    Liv. 27, 2:

    qui ab matutino tempore duraverunt in occasum,

    Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99:

    seritur (semen lini) a Kalendis Octobribus in ortum aquilae,

    Col. 2, 10, 17.—With usque:

    neque illi didicerunt haec usque in senectutem,

    Quint. 12, 11, 20:

    in illum usque diem servati,

    id. 8, 3, 68:

    in serum usque patente cubiculo,

    Suet. Oth. 11:

    regnum trahat usque in tempora fati,

    Sil. 11, 392: in posterum (posteritatem) or in futurum, in future, for the future: in praesens, for the present: in perpetuum or in aeternum, forever:

    sancit in posterum, ne quis, etc.,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 5, 10:

    res dilata est in posterum,

    id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:

    video quanta tempestas invidiae nobis, si minus in praesens, at in posteritatem impendeat,

    id. Cat. 1, 9, 22:

    id aegre et in praesentia hi passi et in futurum etiam metum ceperunt,

    Liv. 34, 27, 10; cf.:

    ingenti omnium et in praesens laetitia et in futurum spe,

    id. 30, 17, 1:

    effugis in futurum,

    Tac. H. 1, 71:

    quod eum tibi quaestoris in loco constitueras, idcirco tibi amicum in perpetuum fore putasti?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30; cf.:

    oppidum omni periculo in perpetuum liberavit,

    id. Fam. 13, 4, 2:

    quae (leges) non in tempus aliquod, sed perpetuae utilitatis causa in aeternum latae sunt,

    Liv. 34, 6, 4: in tempus, for a while, for a short time, for the occasion (postAug.):

    sensit miles in tempus conficta,

    Tac. A. 1, 37:

    ne urbs sine imperio esset, in tempus deligebatur, qui jus redderet,

    id. ib. 6, 11:

    scaena in tempus structa,

    id. ib. 14, 20. —So in diem, for the day, to meet the day's want:

    nihil ex raptis in diem commeatibus superabat,

    Liv. 22, 40, 8:

    rapto in diem frumento,

    id. 4, 10, 1;

    but, cum illa fundum emisset in diem,

    i. e. a fixed day of payment, Nep. Att. 9, 5: in singulos dies, or simply in dies, with comparatives and verbs denoting increase, from day to day, daily:

    vitium in dies crescit,

    Vell. 2, 5, 2:

    in dies singulos breviores litteras ad te mitto,

    Cic. Att. 5, 7:

    qui senescat in dies,

    Liv. 22, 39, 15: in diem, daily:

    nos in diem vivimus,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 33:

    in diem et horam,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 47;

    and in horas,

    hourly, id. C. 2, 13, 14; id. S. 2, 7, 10.—
    C.
    In other relations, in which an aiming at, an inclining or striving towards a thing, is conceivable, on, about, respecting; towards, against; for, as; in, to; into:

    id, quod apud Platonem est in philosophos dictum,

    about the philosophers, Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28:

    Callimachi epigramma in Ambraciotam Cleombrotum est,

    id. Tusc. 1, 34, 84; cf.:

    cum cenaret Simonides apud Scopam cecinissetque id car men, quod in eum scripsisset, etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 86, 352:

    quo amore tandem inflammati esse debemus in ejus modi patriam,

    towards, id. ib. 1, 44, 196:

    in liberos nostros indulgentia,

    id. ib. 2, 40, 168:

    de suis meritis in rem publicam aggressus est dicere,

    id. Or. 38, 133: ita ad impietatem in deos, in homines adjunxit injuriam, against, id. N. D. 3, 34 fin.:

    in dominum quaeri,

    to be examined as a witness against, id. Mil. 22, 60:

    in eos impetum facere,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 1:

    invehi in Thebanos,

    Nep. Epam. 6, 1; id. Tim. 5, 3:

    quaecumque est hominis definitio, una in omnes valet,

    id. Leg. 1, 10, 29:

    num etiam in deos immortales inauspicatam legem valuisse?

    Liv. 7, 6, 11:

    vereor coram in os te laudare amplius,

    to your face, Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 5:

    si in me exerciturus (pugnos), quaeso, in parietem ut primum domes,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 168:

    in puppim rediere rates,

    Luc. 3, 545 Burm. (cf.:

    sic equi dicuntur in frena redire, pulsi in terga recedere, Sulp. ad loc.): Cumis eam vidi: venerat enim in funus: cui funeri ego quoque operam dedi,

    to the funeral, to take charge of the funeral, Cic. Att. 15, 1, B:

    se quisque eum optabat, quem fortuna in id certamen legeret,

    Liv. 21, 42, 2:

    quodsi in nullius mercedem negotia eant, pauciora fore,

    Tac. A. 11, 6:

    haec civitas mulieri redimiculum praebeat, haec in collum, haec in crines,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33:

    Rhegium quondam in praesidium missa legio,

    Liv. 28, 28; so,

    datae in praesidium cohortes,

    Tac. H. 4, 35: hoc idem significat Graecus ille in eam sententiam versus, to this effect or purport, Cic. Div. 2, 10, 25; cf. id. Fam. 9, 15, 4:

    haec et in eam sententiam cum multa dixisset,

    id. Att. 2, 22:

    qui omnia sic exaequaverunt, ut in utramque partem ita paria redderent, uti nulla selectione uterentur,

    id. Fin. 3, 4, 12:

    in utramque partem disputat,

    on both sides, for and against, id. Off. 3, 23, 89: te rogo, me tibi in omnes partes defendendum putes, Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10 fin.:

    facillime et in optimam partem cognoscuntur adulescentes, qui se ad claros et sapientes viros contulerunt,

    id. Off. 2, 13, 46:

    cives Romani servilem in modum cruciati et necati,

    in the manner of slaves, Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13; cf.:

    miserandum in modum milites populi Romani capti, necati sunt,

    id. Prov. Cons. 3, 5:

    senior quidam Veiens vaticinantis in modum cecinit,

    Liv. 5, 15, 4;

    also: domus et villae in urbium modum aedificatae,

    Sall. C. 12, 3:

    perinde ac si in hanc formulam omnia judicia legitima sint,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:

    judicium quin acciperet in ea ipsa verba quae Naevius edebat, non recusasse,

    id. Quint. 20, 63; cf.:

    senatusconsultum in haec verba factum,

    Liv. 30, 43, 9:

    pax data Philippo in has leges est,

    id. 33, 30:

    Gallia omnis divisa est in partes tres,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1; cf.:

    quae quidem in confirmationem et reprehensionem dividuntur,

    Cic. Part. Or. 9, 33: describebat censores binos in singulas civitates, i. e. for or over each state, id. Verr. 2, 2, 53; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 26:

    itaque Titurium Tolosae quaternos denarios in singulas vini amphoras portorii nomine exegisse,

    id. Font. 5, 9:

    extulit eum plebs sextantibus collatis in capita,

    a head, for each person, Liv. 2, 33 fin.:

    Macedonibus treceni nummi in capita statutum est pretium,

    id. 32, 17, 2; cf.:

    Thracia in Rhoemetalcen filium... inque liberos Cotyis dividitur (i. e. inter),

    Tac. A. 2, 67.—
    2.
    Of the object or end in view, regarded also as the motive of action or effect:

    non te in me illiberalem, sed me in se neglegentem putabit,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 16:

    neglegentior in patrem,

    Just. 32, 3, 1:

    in quem omnes intenderat curas,

    Curt. 3, 1, 21:

    quos ardere in proelia vidi,

    Verg. A. 2, 347:

    in bellum ardentes,

    Manil. 4, 220:

    nutante in fugam exercitu,

    Flor. 3, 10, 4:

    in hanc tam opimam mercedem agite ( = ut eam vobis paretis, Weissenb. ad loc.),

    Liv. 21, 43, 7:

    certa praemia, in quorum spem pugnarent,

    id. 21, 45, 4:

    in id sors dejecta,

    id. 21, 42, 2:

    in id fide accepta,

    id. 28, 17, 9:

    in spem pacis solutis animis,

    id. 6, 11, 5 et saep.:

    ingrata misero vita ducenda est in hoc, ut, etc.,

    Hor. Epod. 17, 63:

    nec in hoc adhibetur, ut, etc.,

    Sen. Ep. 16, 3:

    alius non in hoc, ut offenderet, facit, id. de Ira, 2, 26, 3: in quod tum missi?

    Just. 38, 3, 4.—So, like ad, with words expressing affections or inclination of the mind:

    in obsequium plus aequo pronus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 10:

    paratus in res novas,

    Tac. H. 4, 32:

    in utrumque paratus,

    Verg. A. 2, 61.—
    3.
    Of the result of an act or effort:

    denique in familiae luctum atque in privignorum funus nupsit,

    Cic. Clu. 66, 188:

    paratusque miles, ut ordo agminis in aciem adsisteret,

    Tac. A. 2, 16: excisum Euboicae latus ingens rupis in antrum, Verg. A. 6, 42:

    portus ab Euroo fluctu curvatus in arcum,

    id. ib. 3, 533:

    populum in obsequia principum formavit,

    Just. 3, 2, 9:

    omnium partium decus in mercedem conruptum erat,

    Sall. H. 1, 13 Dietsch:

    commutari ex veris in falsa,

    Cic. Fat. 9, 17; 9, 18:

    in sollicitudinem versa fiducia est,

    Curt. 3, 8, 20.—
    4.
    Esp. in the phrase: in gratiam or in honorem, alicujus, in kindness, to show favor, out of good feeling, to show honor, etc., to any one (first in Liv.; cf. Weissenb. ad Liv. 28, 21, 4;

    Krebs, Antibarb. p. 562): in gratiam levium sociorum injuriam facere,

    Liv. 39, 26, 12:

    pugnaturi in gratiam ducis,

    id. 28, 21, 4:

    quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

    id. 28, 39, 13; cf. id. 35, 2, 6; 26, 6, 16:

    oratio habita in sexus honorem,

    Quint. 1, 1, 6:

    convivium in honorem victoriae,

    id. 11, 2, 12:

    in honorem Quadratillae,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 7:

    in honorem tuum,

    Sen. Ep. 20, 7; 79, 2; 92, 1; Vell. 2, 41 al.—
    5.
    In the phrase, in rem esse, to be useful, to avail (cf.: e re esse;

    opp.: contra rem esse): ut aequom est, quod in rem esse utrique arbitremur,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 10:

    si in rem est Bacchidis,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 27; 2, 2, 7:

    hortatur, imperat, quae in rem sunt,

    Liv. 26, 44, 7:

    cetera, quae cognosse in rem erat,

    id. 22, 3, 2; 44, 19, 3:

    in rem fore credens universos adpellare,

    Sall. C. 20, 1; cf.:

    in duas res magnas id usui fore,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7:

    in hos usus,

    Verg. A. 4, 647.—
    6.
    To form adverbial expressions:

    non nominatim, qui Capuae, sed in universum qui usquam coissent, etc.,

    in general, Liv. 9, 26, 8; cf.:

    terra etsi aliquanto specie differt, in universum tamen aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda,

    Tac. G. 5:

    in universum aestimanti, etc.,

    id. ib. 6:

    aestate in totum, si fieri potest, abstinendum est (Venere),

    wholly, entirely, Cels. 1, 3 fin.; cf. Col. 2, 1, 2:

    in plenum dici potest, etc.,

    fully, Plin. 16, 40, 79, § 217:

    Marii virtutem in majus celebrare,

    beyond due bounds, Sall. J. 73, 5:

    aliter se corpus habere atque consuevit, neque in pejus tantum, sed etiam in melius,

    for the worse, for the better, Cels. 2, 2:

    in deterius,

    Tac. A. 14, 43:

    in mollius,

    id. ib. 14, 39:

    quid enim est iracundia in supervacuum tumultuante frigidius? Sen. de Ira, 2, 11: civitas saepta muris neque in barbarum corrupta (v. barbarus),

    Tac. A. 6, 42; cf.:

    aucto in barbarum cognomento,

    id. H. 5, 2:

    priusquam id sors cerneret, in incertum, ne quid gratia momenti faceret, in utramque provinciam decerni,

    while the matter was uncertain, Liv. 43, 12, 2:

    nec puer Iliaca quisquam de gente Latinos In tantum spe tollet avos,

    so much, Verg. A. 6, 876:

    in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse,

    Liv. 22, 27, 4; cf.:

    quaedam (aquae) fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 24:

    viri in tantum boni, in quantum humana simplicitas intellegi potest,

    Vell. 2, 43, 4:

    quippe pedum digitos, in quantum quaeque secuta est, Traxit,

    Ov. M. 11, 71:

    meliore in omnia ingenio animoque quam fortuna usus,

    in all respects, Vell. 2, 13:

    ut simul in omnia paremur,

    Quint. 11, 3, 25:

    in antecessum dare,

    beforehand, Sen. Ep. 118.—
    7.
    Sometimes with esse, habere, etc., in is followed by the acc. (constr. pregn.), to indicate a direction, aim, purpose, etc. (but v. Madvig. Gram. § 230, obs. 2, note, who regards these accusatives as originating in errors of pronunciation); so, esse in potestatem alicujus, to come into and remain in one ' s power: esse in mentem alicui, to come into and be in one ' s mind: esse in conspectum, to appear to and be in sight: esse in usum, to come into use, be used, etc.:

    quod, qui illam partem urbis tenerent, in eorum potestatem portum futurum intellegebant,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38:

    ut portus in potestatem Locrensium esset,

    Liv. 24, 1, 13; 2, 14, 4:

    eam optimam rem publicam esse duco, quae sit in potestatem optimorum,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 17:

    neque enim sunt motus in nostram potestatem,

    Quint. 6, 2, 29:

    numero mihi in mentem fuit,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 25; cf.:

    ecquid in mentem est tibi?

    id. Bacch. 1, 2, 53:

    nec prius surrexisse ac militibus in conspectum fuisse, quam, etc.,

    Suet. Aug. 16:

    quod satis in usum fuit, sublato, ceterum omne incensum est,

    Liv. 22, 20, 6: ab hospitibus clientibusque suis, ab exteris nationibus, quae in amicitiam populi Romani dicionemque essent, injurias propulsare, Cic. Div. ap. Caecil. 20, 66: adesse in senatum [p. 914] jussit a. d. XIII. Kal. Octobr., id. Phil. 5, 7, 19.—Less freq. with habere: facito in memoriam habeas tuam majorem filiam mihi te despondisse, call or bring to mind, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 108:

    M. Minucium magistrum equitum, ne quid rei bellicae gereret, prope in custodiam habitum,

    put in prison, kept in prison, Liv. 22, 25, 6:

    reliquos in custodiam habitos,

    Tac. H. 1, 87.—So rarely with other verbs:

    pollicetur se provinciam Galliam retenturum in senatus populique Romani potestatem,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 8. —
    III.
    In composition, n regularly becomes assimilated to a foll. l, m, or r, and is changed before the labials into m: illabor, immitto, irrumpo, imbibo, impello.—As to its meaning, according as it is connected with a verb of rest or motion, it conveys the idea of existence in a place or thing, or of motion, direction, or inclination into or to a place or thing: inesse; inhibere, inferre, impellere, etc. See Hand, Turs. III. pp. 243- 356.
    2.
    in (before b and p, im; before l, m, and r, the n assimilates itself to these consonants), an inseparable particle [kindred with Sanscr. a-, an-; Gr. a-, an; Goth. and Germ. un-], which negatives the meaning of the noun or participle with which it is connected; Engl. un-, in-, not: impar, unequal: intolerabilis, unbearable, intolerable: immitis, not mild, rude, etc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > in

  • 11 inter

    inter, adv., and prep. with acc. [kindred to in, intra; Sanscr. antar; Goth. undar; Germ. unter; Engl. under].
    I.
    Adv., in the midst, in between ( poet. and rare):

    dumque pii petit ora patris stetit arduus inter pontus,

    Val. Fl. 5, 337:

    tot montibus inter diviso,

    id. 6, 220; 8, 382. —
    II.
    Prep., with acc., between, belwixt, among, amid, surrounded by.
    A.
    Lit., in space.
    1.
    Of position only.
    a.
    Referring to two places or objects, between:

    qui (mons Jura) est inter Sequanos et Helvetios,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 2:

    cum inter me et Brundisium Caesar esset,

    Cic. Att. 9, 2:

    inter Padum atque Alpes,

    Liv. 5, 35:

    ager Tarquiniorum, qui inter urbem ac Tiberim fuit,

    id. 2, 5:

    locus inter duos lucos,

    id. 1, 8, 5:

    apud Artemisium inter Euboeam continentemque terram,

    id. 2, 5, 2; so,

    inter haec maria Asia,

    Curt. 3, 1, 13.—
    b.
    Referring to more than two places or objects, among, in the midst of:

    inter hostium tela versari,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 46:

    inter multos saucios spe incertae vitae relictus,

    Liv. 2, 17, 4:

    rex inter primos constiterat,

    Curt. 5, 3, 9:

    inter multitudinem,

    Liv. 22, 13, 2:

    inter lignarios,

    id. 35, 41, 10:

    repertae inter spolia catenae,

    Tac. A. 2, 18:

    vicos aut inter vias manere,

    Suet. Caes. 39:

    inter ingentes solitudines,

    Sall. J 89, 4:

    inter deserta ferarum Lustra domosque,

    Verg. A. 3, 646.— So, even with a noun in the sing., in the midst of, surrounded by:

    erat inter ceteram planitiem mons,

    Sall. J. 92, 5:

    tibicines inter exercitum positi,

    Gell. 1, 11, 3:

    inter caedem aquila,

    Tac. A. 1, 60; cf.:

    inter ceteram praedam,

    Liv. 22, 16, 7; 8, 10, 10:

    inter purpuram atque aurum,

    id. 9, 17, 16. —
    2.
    With verbs of motion.
    a.
    Between, through, among:

    inter medias stationes hostium erupere,

    Liv. 35, 11:

    acies inter bina castra procedunt,

    id. 4, 18, 3; Tac. A. 14, 33:

    inter oppositas classes transmisit,

    Suet. Caes. 58:

    spatiabatur in nemore Parmenion medius inter duces,

    Curt. 7, 2, 23:

    medios inter hostes Londinium perrexit,

    Tac. A. 14, 33.—
    b.
    Pregn., including motion to and position between or among things mentioned, among, into the midst of:

    inter densas, umbrosa cacumina, fagos Adsidue veniebat,

    Verg. E. 2, 3:

    te mea dextera magna inter praemia ducet,

    id. A. 12, 437:

    dico te priore nocte venisse inter falcarios in Laecae domum,

    among the scythe-makers, into the street of the scythe-makers, Cic. Cat. 1, 4, 8.—
    B.
    Transf., of relations conceived as local.
    1.
    In discrimination (doubt, choice, etc.), between two or more objects:

    judicium inter deas tres,

    Cic. Div. 1, 50, 114; cf.:

    inter Marcellos et Claudios patricios judicare,

    id. de Or. 1, 39, 176:

    inter has sententias dijudicare,

    id. Tusc. 1, 11, 23:

    inter diversas opiniones electio, Quint. prooem. 2: discrimen inter gratiosos cives atque fortes,

    id. Balb. 21, 49:

    inter optime valere et gravissime aegrotare nihil prorsus interesse,

    id. Fin. 2, 13, 43:

    qui bellum et pacem inter dubitabant,

    Tac. A. 12, 32:

    trepidare inter scelus metumque,

    id. H. 3, 39:

    inter pugnae fugaeque consilium,

    Liv. 1, 27.—So, with inter repeated:

    ut nihil inter te atque inter quadrupedem aliquam putes interesse,

    Cic. Par. 1; id. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

    quid intersit inter popularem civem et inter constantem, severum et gravem,

    id. Lael. 25, 95.—
    2.
    In expressing any relation which connects two or more persons, conceived as between or among them (strife, rivalry, friendship, intercourse, etc.).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    quos inter magna fuit contentio,

    Nep. Mil. 4, 4:

    Nestor componere lites Inter Peliden festinat et inter Atriden,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 12:

    certamen inter primores civitates,

    Liv. 10, 6.—Esp., with pronouns, to express all reciprocal relations, among, with, or between one another; mutually, together:

    quasi nunc non norimus nos inter nos,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 7; Cic. Div. 1, 28, 58; id. Att. 10, 4, 10; id. N. D. 1, 26, 51:

    quod colloquimur inter nos,

    with one another, id. de Or. 1, 8, 32; cf.:

    inter nos naturā ad civilem communitatem conjuncti sumus,

    id. Fin. 3, 20, 66:

    vobis inter vos voluntatem fuisse conjunctam,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 34: Ciceronis pueri amant inter se, love one another (like the Fr. s ' entr ' aimer), id. Att. 6, 1, 12:

    inter se consultare,

    id. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

    inter se amare,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1:

    neque solum se colent inter se ac diligent,

    id. Lael. 22, 82:

    Di inter se diligunt,

    id. N. D. 1, 44, 122:

    furtim inter se aspiciebant,

    id. Cat. 3, 5, 13:

    complecti inter se lacrimantes milites coepisse,

    Liv. 7, 42:

    haec inter se cum repugnent, plerique non vident,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 29, 72:

    inter se nondum satis noti,

    Liv. 21, 39:

    ratio et oratio conciliat homines inter se,

    Cic. Off. 1, 16, 50:

    ne nostra nobiscum aut inter nos cessatio vituperetur,

    id. Fam. 9, 3, 4:

    quae res eos in magno diuturnoque bello inter se habuit,

    Sall. J. 79, 3.—Sometimes pleon., the reciprocal relation being sufficiently expressed by the context:

    manus conserentis inter se Romanos exercitus,

    Sall. H. 1, 41, 19 Dietsch:

    Ulixes cum Ajace summa vi contendere inter se,

    Dict. Cret. 5, 14:

    conferti inter se,

    id. 2, 46.—
    (β).
    So of things:

    ita effici complexiones atomorum inter se,

    mutual, reciprocal, Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19:

    colles duos inter se propinquos occupat,

    near one another, Sall. J. 98, 3:

    haud procul inter se erant,

    id. ib. 41, 2:

    multum inter se distant istae facultates,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 215:

    res inter se similes,

    Quint. 9, 2, 51:

    inter se dissimilis,

    id. 9, 4, 17.—
    (γ).
    Of a common privacy, secrecy, etc.: inter nos, between or among ourselves, confidentially, like the Fr. entre nous:

    nec consulto dicis occulte, sed quod inter nos liceat, ne tu quidem intellegis,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 26, 74:

    quod inter nos liceat dicere,

    id. Att. 2, 4:

    quod inter nos sit,

    but let that be between ourselves, Sen. Ep. 12, 2. —
    (δ).
    With nouns denoting a multitude of persons, like apud (not ante-Aug.):

    haudquaquam inter id genus contemptor habebatur,

    Liv. 6, 34, 5:

    inter hostes variae fuere sententiae,

    id. 4, 18, 1:

    credula fama inter gaudentes,

    Tac. H. 1, 34:

    more inter veteres recepto,

    id. ib. 2, 85.—
    3.
    Of a class of persons or things to which the subject is referred.
    a.
    In gen., among:

    homines inter suos nobiles,

    Cic. Fl. 22, 52:

    inter suos et honestus et nobilis,

    id. Clu. 5, 11:

    in oratoribus vero admirabile est, quantum inter omnes unus excellat,

    id. Or. 2, 6:

    inter philosophos (Xenophon) reddendus est,

    Quint. 10, 1, 37:

    ille Croesus, inter reges opulentissimus,

    Sen. Contr. 2, 9:

    Borysthenes inter Scythiae amnes amoenissimus,

    Mel. 2, 1, 6.— So freq. with sup., inter and acc. take the place of a gen.:

    honestissimus inter suos numerabatur,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:

    plurimum inter eos valere,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 4, 4:

    maximum imperium inter finitimos,

    Liv. 5, 3, 10:

    inter Atheniensīs longe clarissimi,

    Curt. 4, 13, 15; Plin. 34, 8, 21, § 81; Petr. 78; Sen. Suas. 2, 7; 2, 12; Just. 12, 7, 2; 36, 2, 6.
    b.
    Esp.: inter paucos, etc., [p. 977] among few, i. e. among the few select ones, eminently, especially:

    pingunt et vestes in Aegypto inter pauca mirabili genere,

    Plin. 35, 11, 42, § 150; cf.:

    sternutamento utilis inter pauca,

    id. 24, 11, 58, § 97:

    pugna inter paucas memorata populi Romani clades,

    Liv. 22, 7; cf.:

    inter paucos disertus,

    Quint. 10, 3, 13:

    inter paucos familiarium Neroni assumptus est,

    Tac. A. 16, 18:

    claritudine paucos inter senum regum,

    id. ib. 11, 10; so, inter alios: judicatur inter alios omnes beatus, qui in proelio profuderit animam, among all others to be noticed, i. e. especially, in the highest degree, Amm. 2, 3, 6; so,

    inter cuncta,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 96:

    inter omnia,

    Curt. 3, 3, 18:

    inter cetera,

    Liv. 37, 12.—
    c.
    In judic. lang., t. t.: inter sicarios, on the charge of assassination:

    cum praetor quaestionem inter sicarios exercuisset,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 16, 54; id. Clu. 53, 147; cf.:

    in recuperatorio judicio ejus maleficii, de quo inter sicarios quaeritur,

    id. Inv. 2, 20, 60:

    longo intervallo judicium inter sicarios hoc primum committitur,

    id. Rosc. Am. 5, 11:

    sexcenti sunt, qui inter sicarios et de veneficiis accusabant,

    id. ib. 32, 90:

    si ostenderis, quomodo sis eos inter sicarios defensurus,

    id. Phil. 2, 4, 8.—
    4.
    In some idiomatic phrases.
    a.
    Inter manus, within reach, i. e. close at hand:

    ante oculos interque manus sunt omnia vestras,

    Verg. A. 11, 311; also, upon or in the hands:

    inter manus domum ablatus,

    Liv. 3, 13:

    inter quas (manus) collapsus extinguitur,

    Curt. 8, 2, 39:

    inter manus auferri,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28:

    inter manus meas crevit,

    under my hands, Sen. Ep. 12:

    manus inter maestorumque ora parentum,

    before their faces and within their reach, Verg. A. 2, 681.—
    b.
    Inter viam, vias, on the way:

    dum rus eo, coepi egomet mecum inter vias,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 1; Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 43:

    si se inter viam obtulerit,

    Cic. Att. 4, 3, 5. —
    C.
    Of time.
    a.
    Between two dates or periods specified:

    dies XLV. inter binos ludos,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52 fin.; Liv. 1, 3.—
    b.
    During, in the course of, within; for which, in English, we sometimes use by or at:

    quot prandia inter continuum perdidi triennium,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 61:

    omnia agentur, quae inter decem annos nefarie flagitioseque facta sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 13; cf.:

    qui inter annos tot unus inventus sit, quem, etc.,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 23, 68:

    inter ipsum pugnae tempus,

    Liv. 36, 20:

    inter noctem lux orta,

    id. 32, 29:

    qui plus cernant oculis per noctem quam inter diem,

    Gell. 9, 4.—
    c.
    Freq., with substt., to denote an act performed at a certain time, in the course of, while:

    haec inter cenam Tironi dictavi,

    at table, Cic. Quint. Fragm. 3, 1, 6; cf.:

    illuseras heri inter scyphos,

    id. Fam. 7, 22:

    inter fulmina et tonitrua,

    id. Phil. 5, 6, 15:

    promptior inter tenebras affirmatio,

    Tac. A. 2, 82:

    inter initia,

    at the beginning, Cels. 3, 25.—
    d.
    During, and hence under the circumstances described, i. e. in spite of, notwithstanding:

    nobis inter has turbas senatus tamen frequens flagitavit triumphum,

    amid, in spite of these commotions, Cic. Fam. 16, 11:

    utrumque consilium aspernatus, quod inter ancipitia deterrimum est, dum media sequitur,

    Tac. H. 3, 40:

    senum coloniae inter male parentes et injuste imperantes aegra municipia et discordantia,

    id. Agr. 32; cf.:

    ita neutris cura posteritatis inter infensos vel obnoxios,

    id. H. 1, 1.—
    e.
    Inter haec, inter quae, meanwhile, during this time:

    = interea, inter haec major alius terror,

    in the mean time, Liv. 2, 24; cf.:

    inter haec jam praemissi Albam erant equites,

    id. 1, 29; 3, 57, 7; 44, 10, 5; Curt. 3, 1, 1; Suet. Tib. 8; 63:

    inter quae tribuni plebei petivere, etc.,

    Tac. A. 1, 15; 2, 34; 58; 3, 33; id. H. 1, 78; Curt. 4, 2, 10:

    inter quae unctione uti licet,

    Cels. 4, 2, 3.—

    So with gerunds and gerundives: inter agendum,

    at, while, Verg. E. 9, 24; Quint. 12, 3, 10:

    inter disceptandum,

    id. 12, 7, 6:

    inter res agendas,

    Suet. Caes. 45.—
    D.
    In composition its final r is assimilated in intellego and its derivatives.
    a.
    Between; as, intercedere, interponere. —
    b.
    At intervals, from time to time; as, interaestuare, intermittere, intervisere.—
    c.
    Under, down, to the bottom; as, interire, interficere.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > inter

  • 12 inter

        inter praep. with acc.    [ANA-], between, betwixt: (mons) inter Sequanos et Helvetios, Cs.: inter me et Brundisium esse.—With more than two objects, among, amid, in the midst of, surrounded by: inter hostium tela versari: inter multos saucios relictus, L.: inter ingentīs solitudines, S.: inter varias columnas, H.—With an extended object, in the midst of, surrounded by: erat inter ceteram planitiem mons, S.: inter purpuram atque aurum, L.—Among, into the midst of: inter densas fagos veniebat, V.: te venisse inter falcarios, into the street of the scythe-makers.—Of time, in relation to two dates, between: dies XLV inter binos ludos: inter Laviniam et Albam deductam coloniam XXX interfuere anni, L.—With a period, during, in the course of, within, for, by, at: inter haec negotia, S.: inter annos XIIII tectum non subissent, Cs.: omnia inter decem annos facta: inter noctem lux orta, L.—In phrases, inter haec, meanwhile, during this time, L.: Inter cuncta, at all times, H.: inter quae, Cu.—In the course of, while, during: inter vias cogitare, on the way, T.: inter fulmina et tonitrua: inter agendum, V.: media inter carmina, during the play, H.—During, in spite of, notwithstanding: inter eas moras, S.: nobis inter has turbas senatus tamen frequens flagitavit triumphum.—Fig., in discrimination, between, among: inter bonos et malos discrimen, S.: iudicium inter deas tres: inter Marcellos et Claudios patricios iudicare: inter has sententias diiudicare: inter fugae pugnaeque consilium, L.: quid intersit inter popularem civem et inter constantem.—Of reciprocal relations, between, among: regnum inter Iugurtham et Adherbalem dividere, S.: quos inter magna fuit contentio, N.: componere lites Inter Peliden et inter Atriden, H.: certamen iniectum inter primores civitates, L.—In phrases with pronouns: novisse nos inter nos, one another, T.: res inter eos agi coeptae, mutually, Cs.: conloqui inter nos, with one another: inter se fidi, S.: pueri amant inter se, one another: furtim inter se aspicere: complecti inter se, L.: haec inter se cum repugnent, are inconsistent: disconvenit inter Meque et te, H.: complexiones atomorum inter se, mutual: collīs duos inter se propinquos occupat, near one another, S.—Of a class or number, among, in, with: summā gratiā inter suos, Cs.: inter hostīs variae fuere sententiae, L.: homines inter suos nobiles: inter amabilīs ponere me choros, H.—After a sup: honestissimus inter suos numerabatur: plurimum inter eos valere, Cs.: maximum imperium inter finitimos, L.—Praegn. with pronouns: consulatum nobilitas inter se per manūs tradebat, within their own order, S.: quod inter nos liceat dicere, i. e. confidentially.—In phrases, inter manūs, see manus: quaestio Flamini inter sicarios, on a charge of assassination: cum praetor questionem inter sicarios exercuisset, sat to try assassins: eos inter sicarios defendere: inter exempla esse, to serve as an example, Ta.: inter paucas memorata clades, i. e. eminently, extremely, L: secuti inter cetera auctoritatem Pausistrati, eminently, especially, L.: inter cetera etiam vigiliis confecti, i. e. more than by all else, L. In composition inter is unchanged, except that r is assimilated in intellego, and its derivatives.— Between: intercedo, interpono.—At intervals, from time to time: interaestuo, intermitto, interviso.— Under, down, to the bottom: intereo, interficio.
    * * *
    between, among; during

    inter se -- to each other, mutually

    Latin-English dictionary > inter

  • 13 modestia

    mŏdestĭa, ae, f. [modestus], moderateness, moderation; esp. in one's behavior, unassuming conduct, modesty (opp. immodestia, superbia, licentia; class.).
    I.
    In gen.: eam virtutem Graeci sôphrosunên vocant:

    quam soleo equidem tum temperantiam, tum moderationem appellare, nonnumquam etiam modestiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 8, 16; cf.:

    modestia est in animo continens moderatio cupiditatum,

    Auct. Her. 3, 2, 3:

    rectum dividitur in prudentiam, justitiam, fortitudinem, modestiam,

    id. ib.:

    disserebat de suā modestiā,

    want of confidence in himself, Tac. A. 1, 11 init. —
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Unassuming conduct, discretion, moderation, sobriety of behavior (the predom. signif. of the word):

    sarta tecta tua precepta usque habui mea modestia,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 36:

    sine modo et modestia,

    id. Bacch. 4, 3, 2:

    temperantiae partes sunt continentia, clementia, modestia,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 164; cf.:

    modestia est, per quam pudor honestus claram et stabilem comparat auctoritatem,

    id. ib.:

    non minus se in milite modestiam et continentiam, quam virtutem et animi magnitudinem desiderare,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 52:

    in dicendo,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10:

    modestia et humanitas,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 2:

    neque modum, neque modestiam victores habent,

    Sall. C. 11, 4.—
    B. 1.
    Shame, shamefacedness, modesty:

    et sententiarum et compositionis et vocis et vultūs modestia,

    Quint. 4, 1, 55: virginalis, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66; cf.:

    primaeque modestia culpae Confundit vultus,

    Stat. Th. 2, 232; poet.: vacui lecti, i. e. (chaste) celibacy, id. Silv. 1, 2, 162.—
    2.
    Sense of honor, honor, dignity:

    neque sumptui, neque modestiae suae parcere,

    Sall. C. 14, 6.—
    C.
    As a transl. of the Gr. eutaxia, in the lang. of the Stoics, the quality of saying and doing everything in the proper place and at the proper time, correctness of conduct, propriety: sic fit, ut modestia haec, quam ita interpretamur, ut dixi, scientia sit opportunitatis idoneo rum ad agendum temporum, Cic. Off. 1, 40, 142 (v. the entire context).—
    D.
    (Post-Aug)
    1.
    Of the weather, mildness:

    hiemis,

    Tac. A. 12, 43 (cf.:

    clementia hiemis,

    Col. 5, 5, 6).—
    2.
    Of the course of a stream, gentleness:

    aquarum modestia,

    gentle course, Plin. 6, 20, 23, § 71.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > modestia

  • 14 interior

        interior ius, gen. ōris    [inter], inner, interior, middle: aedium pars: spatium, O.: In interiore parte ut maneam, i. e. in the women's apartment, T.: domus, inner part, V.: epistula, body: motu cietur interiore et suo: nationes, farther inland.— Plur. n. as subst, the inner parts, middle: aedium: regni, L.— Plur m. as subst: plerique, of those farther from the sea, Cs.: interiores fossas explent, the garrison, Cs.—In the race-course, nearer the goal, on the left: rota, O.: gyrus, H.: Ille... Radit iter laevum interior (to shorten the course), V.— Nearer: toto corpore interior periculo volneris factus, i. e. too near to be wounded, L.: ictibus, within reach of, L.— Inner: nota Falerni, i. e. longest in the cellar, H.—Fig., deeper, more piercing: timor.—More hidden, more recondite, more profound: nunc interiora videamus: consilia, N.: haec interiora, more personal (opp. illa externa).— Deeper, more intimate, closer: vicini: amicitia, L.: litterae, more confidential.
    * * *
    those (pl.) within; those nearer racecourse goal; inland/further from sea

    Latin-English dictionary > interior

  • 15 iter

        iter itineris, n    [I-], a going, walk, way: dicam in itinere, on the way, T.—A going, journey, passage, march, voyage: cum illi iter instaret et subitum et longum: ut in itinere copia frumenti suppeteret, Cs.: in ipso itinere confligere, L.: ex itinere litteras mittere, S.: iter ingressus: tantum itineris contendere, hasten: in Italiam intendere iter, L.: iter, quod constitui, determined upon: iter in provinciam convertere, direct, Cs.: agere in rectum, O.: flectere, change the course, V.: iter ad regem comparare, prepare for, N.: supprimere. break off, Cs.: classe tenere, V.: die ac nocte continuato itinere, Cs.: rumpere, H.: Boi ex itinere nostros adgressi, Cs.: terrestri itinere ducere legiones, by land, L.: Unde iter Italiam, V.—A journey, march (as a measure of distance): cum abessem ab Amano iter unius diei, a day's journey: quam maximis itineribus contendere, forced marches, Cs.: confecto iusto itinere eius diei, full day's march, Cs.—A way, passage, path, road: itineribus deviis proficisci in provinciam: erant itinera duo, quibus itineribus domo exire possent, Cs.: in diversum iter equi concitati, L.: ut deviis itineribus milites duceret, N.: vocis, passage, V.: neque iter praecluserat unda, cut off, O.: iter patefieri volebat, opened, Cs.— A right of way: aquaeductus, haustus, iter, actus a patre sumitur: iter alcui per provinciam dare, Cs.—Fig., a road, path, way: declive senectae, O.: vitae diversum, Iu.—A way, course, custom, method, means: patiamur illum ire nostris itineribus: verum gloriae: amoris nostri: salutis, V.: fecit iter sceleri, O.
    * * *
    journey; road; passage, path; march

    Latin-English dictionary > iter

  • 16 ab

    ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:

    AF VOBEIS,

    Inscr. Orell. 3114;

    AF MVRO,

    ib. 6601;

    AF CAPVA,

    ib. 3308;

    AF SOLO,

    ib. 589;

    AF LYCO,

    ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):

    abs chorago,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):

    abs quivis,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

    abs terra,

    Cato, R. R. 51;

    and in compounds: aps-cessero,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;

    and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,

    id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).
    I.
    In space, and,
    II.
    Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.
    I.
    Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):

    Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    fuga ab urbe turpissima,

    Cic. Att. 7, 21:

    ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,

    Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:

    illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

    all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:

    venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,

    Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.
    b.
    Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:

    oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:

    quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:

    ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:

    protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 2:

    profecti a domo,

    Liv. 40, 33, 2;

    of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:

    classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,

    Liv. 8, 22, 6;

    of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,

    Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:

    legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,

    id. 24, 40, 2.
    c.
    Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):

    Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:

    libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,

    Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

    Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,

    id. Att. 7, 24:

    cum a vobis discessero,

    id. Sen. 22:

    multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

    so a fratre,

    id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

    a Pontio,

    Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:

    ab ea,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.
    B.
    Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.
    1.
    Of separation:

    ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:

    abesse a domo paulisper maluit,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:

    tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,

    Sall. C. 40, 5:

    absint lacerti ab stabulis,

    Verg. G. 4, 14.—
    2.
    Of distance:

    quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

    Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:

    nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,

    id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:

    hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:

    terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

    non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):

    cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,

    Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:

    qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

    quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

    procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:

    tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,

    Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;

    v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:

    tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,

    id. Pis. 11, 26; and:

    tam prope ab domo detineri,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:

    onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,

    eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:

    duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,

    id. 37, 38, 5). —
    3.
    To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:

    picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,

    Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

    pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

    on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

    non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,

    at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:

    erat a septentrionibus collis,

    on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).
    II.
    Fig.
    A.
    In time.
    1.
    From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:

    Exul ab octava Marius bibit,

    Juv. 1,40:

    mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,

    immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:

    Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    ab hac contione legati missi sunt,

    immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:

    ab eo magistratu,

    after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:

    a summa spe novissima exspectabat,

    after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:

    ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,

    Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:

    confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,

    Liv. 30, 36, 1:

    statim a funere,

    Suet. Caes. 85;

    and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,

    id. ib. 60:

    protinus ab adoptione,

    Vell. 2, 104, 3:

    Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,

    soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—

    Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,

    i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:

    secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,

    i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.
    2.
    With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:

    ab hora tertia bibebatur,

    from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:

    infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,

    since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:

    vixit ab omni aeternitate,

    from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:

    cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,

    Nep. Att. 5, 3:

    in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,

    after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:

    centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,

    since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

    cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,

    id. Sen. 6, 19; and:

    ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,

    since, Sall. C. 47, 2:

    diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:

    quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,

    since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:

    jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,

    from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:

    cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:

    a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,

    Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:

    pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

    from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.
    b.
    Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:

    qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,

    from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:

    mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,

    a pueritia,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

    jam inde ab adulescentia,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:

    ab adulescentia,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 1:

    jam a prima adulescentia,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

    ab ineunte adulescentia,

    id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.

    followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

    a primis temporibus aetatis,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

    a teneris unguiculis,

    from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:

    usque a toga pura,

    id. Att. 7, 8, 5:

    jam inde ab incunabulis,

    Liv. 4, 36, 5:

    a prima lanugine,

    Suet. Oth. 12:

    viridi ab aevo,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;

    rarely of animals: ab infantia,

    Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:

    qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,

    a pausillo puero,

    id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:

    a puero,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:

    a pueris,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:

    ab adulescente,

    id. Quint. 3, 12:

    ab infante,

    Col. 1, 8, 2:

    a parva virgine,

    Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:

    a parvis,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

    a parvulo,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:

    ab parvulis,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:

    ab tenero,

    Col. 5, 6, 20;

    and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.
    B.
    In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.
    1.
    In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

    suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

    qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

    hic ab artificio suo non recessit,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:

    quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

    condicionem quam ab te peto,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:

    mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

    si quid ab illo acceperis,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:

    quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab defensione desistere,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

    ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,

    id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:

    ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):

    qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,

    the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:

    tu nunc eris alter ab illo,

    next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:

    Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,

    next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

    quid hoc ab illo differt,

    from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:

    hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

    id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:

    discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

    id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):

    quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7:

    alieno a te animo fuit,

    id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):

    subdole ab re consulit,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:

    haut est ab re aucupis,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:

    non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,

    Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

    a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,

    Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

    ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

    id. ib. 1, 3:

    disputata ab eo,

    id. ib. 1, 4 al.:

    illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ita generati a natura sumus,

    id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:

    pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,

    Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:

    niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:

    quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,

    is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:

    salvebis a meo Cicerone,

    i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:

    a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,

    i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

    ne vir ab hoste cadat,

    Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):

    levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:

    a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

    id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    si calor est a sole,

    id. N. D. 2, 52:

    ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),

    id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

    metu poenae a Romanis,

    Liv. 32, 23, 9:

    bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,

    id. 3, 22, 2:

    ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,

    id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:

    lassus ab equo indomito,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

    Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,

    Prop. 5, 1, 126:

    tempus a nostris triste malis,

    time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:

    vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?

    by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,

    ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),

    Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:

    si postulatur a populo,

    if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:

    deseror conjuge,

    Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;

    and in prose,

    Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:

    ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

    (urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.
    b.
    With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:

    pastores a Pergamide,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:

    Turnus ab Aricia,

    Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):

    obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,

    Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.
    c.
    In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:

    (sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,

    id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)
    d.
    With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:

    da, puere, ab summo,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,

    da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

    coepere a fame mala,

    Liv. 4, 12, 7:

    cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,

    tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:

    a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.
    e.
    With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:

    a foliis et stercore purgato,

    Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:

    tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

    Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:

    Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,

    Liv. 21, 11, 5:

    expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

    haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):

    ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,

    Sall. C. 32:

    ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,

    Liv. 21, 35, 12:

    ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,

    Cic. Sest. 64, 133.
    f.
    With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:

    el metul a Chryside,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:

    ab Hannibale metuens,

    Liv. 23, 36; and:

    metus a praetore,

    id. 23, 15, 7;

    v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,

    Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

    postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,

    you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.
    g.
    With verbs of fastening and holding:

    funiculus a puppi religatus,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

    cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,

    Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.
    h.
    Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:

    a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,

    Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.
    i.
    Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):

    id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 22.
    j.
    Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:

    doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

    a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:

    a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,

    a frigore laborantibus,

    Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:

    laborare ab re frumentaria,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.
    k.
    Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:

    ab ingenio improbus,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

    a me pudica'st,

    id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:

    orba ab optimatibus contio,

    Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):

    locus copiosus a frumento,

    Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:

    sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,

    id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:

    ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,

    id. Brut. 16, 63:

    ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,

    Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;

    so often in poets ab arte=arte,

    artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.
    l.
    In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:

    linguam ab irrisu exserentem,

    thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:

    ab honore,

    id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.
    m.
    Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:

    ab illo injuria,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:

    fulgor ab auro,

    Lucr. 2, 5:

    dulces a fontibus undae,

    Verg. G. 2, 243.
    n.
    In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:

    scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    nonnuill ab novissimis,

    id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).
    o.
    In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:

    qui sunt ab ea disciplina,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

    ab eo qui sunt,

    id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

    nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,

    id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).
    p.
    To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;

    in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,

    one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,

    a manu servus,

    a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).
    q.
    The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:

    a peregre,

    Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:

    a foris,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:

    ab intus,

    ib. ib. 7, 15:

    ab invicem,

    App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:

    a longe,

    Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:

    a modo,

    ib. ib. 23, 39;

    Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,

    Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:

    a sursum,

    ib. Marc. 15, 38.
    ► a.
    Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:

    Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,

    Cic. Pis. 37, 91:

    a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?

    id. Sen. 6:

    a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?

    id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

    res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,

    id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—
    b.
    Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—
    c.
    It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:

    a vitae periculo,

    Cic. Brut. 91, 313:

    a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,

    id. Arch. 6, 12:

    a minus bono,

    Sall. C. 2, 6:

    a satis miti principio,

    Liv. 1, 6, 4:

    damnis dives ab ipsa suis,

    Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—
    d.
    The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):

    aque Chao,

    Verg. G. 4, 347:

    aque mero,

    Ov. M. 3, 631:

    aque viro,

    id. H. 6, 156:

    aque suis,

    id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:

    a meque,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

    abs teque,

    id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

    a teque,

    id. ib. 8, 11, §

    7: a primaque adulescentia,

    id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —
    e.
    A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.
    III.
    In composition ab,
    1.
    Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—
    2.
    It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ab

  • 17 de

    1.
    dē, adv.: of place, down, only in the phrase susque deque, q. v.
    2.
    dē, prep. [perh. for ded; cf. Oscan dat, old abl. of pronom. stem da; cf. also Lith. praep. da, as far as; and the suffixes, old case-forms, -dam, -dem, -dum, -do, with the locative -de; v. Ribbeck, Beitr. z. L. v. d. Lat. Part. p. 4 sq.] (with abl., denotes the going out, departure, removal, or separating of an object from any fixed point. Accordingly, it occupies a middle place between ab, away from, which denotes a mere external departure, and ex, out of, which signifies from the interior of a thing. Hence verbs compounded with de are constr. not only with de, but quite as freq. with ab and ex; and, on the other hand, those compounded with ab and ex often have the terminus a quo indicated by de), from, away from, down from, out of, etc.
    A.
    In space, lit. and trop. with verbs of motion: animam de corpore mitto, Enn. ap. Non. p. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 216 Vahl.):

    aliquo quom jam sucus de corpore cessit,

    Lucr. 3, 224:

    (quod Ariovistus) de altera parte agri Sequanos decedere juberet,

    to depart, withdraw from, Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 10; cf.:

    civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent,

    id. ib. 1, 2:

    decedere de provincia,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 49 ( = ex provincia, id. ib. 2, 2, 65, §

    147): de vita decedere,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 11:

    exire de vita,

    id. Lael. 4, 15 (cf.:

    excedere e vita,

    id. ib. 3, 12):

    de triclinio, de cubiculo exire,

    id. de Or. 2, 65 fin.:

    hamum de cubiculo ut e navicula jacere,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 7, 4:

    de castris procedere,

    Sall. C. 61, 8 et saep.:

    brassica de capite et de oculis omnia (mala) deducet,

    Cato R. R. 157, 6:

    de digito anulum detraho,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 38; cf.:

    de matris complexu aliquem avellere atque abstrahere,

    Cic. Font. 17:

    nomen suum de tabula sustulit,

    id. Sest. 33, 72:

    ferrum de manibus extorsimus,

    id. Cat. 2, 1, 2:

    juris utilitas vel a peritis vel de libris depromi potest,

    id. de Or. 1, 59, 252 et saep.:

    ... decido de lecto praeceps,

    Plaut. Casin. 5, 2, 50:

    de muro se deicere,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 18, 3:

    de sella exsilire,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30 fin.:

    nec ex equo vel de muro, etc., hostem destinare,

    Tert. adv. Jud. 9, p. 192:

    de caelo aliquid demittere,

    Lucr. 2, 1155; cf. Cato R. R. 14, 3 et saep.—
    b.
    In gen., to indicate the person or place from which any thing is taken, etc., with verbs of taking away, depriving, demanding, requesting, inquiring, buying; as capere, sumere, emere, quaerere, discere, trahere, etc., and their compounds; cf.:

    emere de aliquo,

    Cato R. R. 1, 4:

    aliquid mercari de aliquo,

    Cic. Fl. 20 et saep.:

    de aliquo quaerere, quid, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2:

    saepe hoc audivi de patre,

    id. de Or. 3, 33, 133; cf.:

    de mausoleo exaudita vox est,

    Suet. Ner. 46:

    ut sibi liceret discere id de me,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 31;

    so with petere, of place (class.): de vicino terra petita solo,

    Ov. F. 4, 822;

    so of persons (late Lat.): peto de te,

    Dig. 36, 1, 57, § 2; Apul. M. 6, p. 179, 40.
    2.
    To point out the place from which any thing is brought; and hence, trop., to indicate its origin, derivation, etc.: of, from: de circo astrologi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58; so,

    caupo de via Latina,

    Cic. Clu. 59, 163:

    nescio qui de circo maximo,

    id. Mil. 24, 65:

    declamator aliqui de ludo aut rabula de foro,

    id. Or. 15, 47:

    homo de schola atque a magistro... eruditus,

    id. de Or. 2, 7, 28:

    nautae de navi Alexandrina,

    Suet. Aug. 98:

    aliquis de ponte,

    i. e. a beggar, Juv. 14, 134:

    Libyca de rupe leones,

    Ov. F. 2, 209:

    nostro de rure corona,

    Tib. 1, 1, 15:

    Vaticano fragiles de monte patellas,

    Juv. 6, 344 al.:

    de summo loco Summoque genere eques,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 30; cf. id. Aul. prol. 28; id. Poen. 3, 1, 13:

    genetrix Priami de gente vetusta,

    Verg. A. 9, 284; cf. id. ib. 10, 350; Stat. S. 5, 3, 126:

    de Numitore sati,

    Ov. F. 5, 41:

    de libris,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 252:

    de Philocteta, id,

    ib. 3, 35, 141 (cf.:

    e Philocteta versus,

    Quint. 3, 1, 14).
    3.
    Transf., to indicate the quarter from which motion proceeds (cf. ab), from, and because motion is so often and naturally downwards, down from:

    haec agebantur in conventu, palam, de sella ac de loco superiore,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40; cf. ib. 2, 2, 38:

    quem ad se vocari et de tribunali citari jussit,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 7:

    qui nihil ex occulto, nihil de insidiis, agendum putant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109; cf.

    de tergo plagas dare,

    from behind, Plaut. Asin. 2, 2, 10; Just. 20, 5, 5:

    de paupere mensa dona,

    Tib. 1, 1, 37 et saep.—In jurid. Latin: de plano discutere, interloqui, cognoscere, etc., i. e. on level ground, not on the tribunal (cf. chamothen, opp. pro bêmatos, Dig. 27, 1, 13, § 10), Dig. 1, 4, 1; 1, 16, 9; 14. 3, 11 et saep.; so, de plano, off-hand, without formal consideration, Lucr. 1, 411;

    v. planus.—And with pendeo, etc. (the motion in the eye transferred to the object): deque viri collo dulce pependit onus,

    Ov. F. 2, 760:

    lucerna de camera pendebat,

    Petr. 30, 3; cf.:

    et nova de gravido palmite gemma tumet,

    Ov. F. 1, 152:

    de qua pariens arbore nixa dea est,

    leaning downwards against the tree, id. H. 21, 100.
    B.
    In time.
    1.
    Immediately following a given moment of time, after, directly after (very rare):

    de concursu,

    Lucr. 1, 384 (cf. Munro, ad loc.):

    velim scire hodiene statim de auctione aut quo die venias,

    Cic. Att. 12, 3:

    non bonus somnus est de prandio,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:

    de eorum verbis prosilui, etc.,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 178.—Hence, diem de die, from day to day, day after day, Liv. 5, 48:

    cum is diem de die differret, dum, etc.,

    id. 25, 25; cf.:

    diem de die proferendo,

    Just. 2, 15, 6: de die in diem, from day to day, daily (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 60, 8; 2 Pet. 2, 8; Cypr. Ep. 3, 11.
    2.
    De nocte, de vigilia, etc., to designate an act which begins or takes its origin from the night-time, Engl. during or in the course of the night, at night, by night, etc.: De. Rus cras cum filio Cum primo lucu ibo hinc. Mi. Imo de nocte censeo, to-night rather, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 55: in comitium Milo de nocte venit, in the night (cf. shortly before, Milo media nocte in campum venit), Cic. Att. 4, 3, 4; cf. id. Mur. 33, 69:

    vigilas tu de nocte,

    id. ib. 9, 22; cf.:

    de nocte evigilabat,

    Suet. Vesp. 21:

    ut jugulent homines, surgunt de nocte latrones,

    at night, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 32;

    and Hannibal surgere de nocte solitus, Frontin Strat. 4, 3, 7 et saep.: ut de nocte multa impigreque exsurrexi,

    late in the night, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 10; so,

    multa de nocte,

    Cic. Sest. 35, 75; id. Att. 7, 4 fin. (for which multa nocte, id. Q. Fr. 2, 9); cf.

    also: si de multa nocte (al. de nocte) vigilassent,

    id. Att. 2, 15, 2:

    Caesar mittit complures equitum turmas eo de media nocte,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 45; 7, 88; so,

    media de nocte,

    at midnight, Suet. Calig. 26; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 91:

    Caesar de tertia vigilia e castris profectus,

    in the third night-watch, Caes. B. G. 1, 12:

    de tertia vigilia,

    id. ib. 1, 21; Liv. 9, 44 Drak.; 40, 4 al.; cf.:

    de quarta vigilia,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21, 3 al.; v. vigilia. —As in this manner de nocte became adverbially = nocte, so de die was sometimes used for die or per diem:

    de die potare,

    by day, in the daytime, Plaut. Asin. 4, 2, 16:

    epulari de die,

    Liv. 23, 8; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 8; Catull. 47, 6; Suet. Calig. 37; id. Domit. 21; cf.:

    bibulus media de luce Falerni,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 34;

    and in a lusus verbb. with in diem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 34 fin. —Less freq., de mense:

    navigare de mense Decembri,

    in December, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1 fin. —And once de tempore for tempore: ipse de tempore coenavit, Auct. B. Hisp. 33, 5.
    C.
    In other relations, implying separation, departure from, etc.
    1.
    To designate the whole, from which a part is taken, or of which a part is separately regarded, etc., from among, out of, from:

    hominem certum misi de comitibus meis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 1, 2:

    gladio percussus ab uno de illis,

    id. Mil. 24, 65:

    si quis de nostris hominibus,

    id. Flacc. 4:

    quemvis de iis qui essent idonei,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 4 fin.:

    de tribus et decem fundis tres nobilissimi fundi,

    id. Rosc. Am. 35, 99 et saep.:

    accusator de plebe,

    id. Brut. 34, 131:

    pulsare minimum de plebe Quiritem,

    Ov. Am. 1, 7, 29; cf. Liv. 7, 17:

    malus poëta de populo,

    Cic. Arch. 10, 25 et saep.:

    partem solido demere de die,

    Hor. Od. 1, 1, 20:

    quantum de vita perdiderit,

    Petr. 26:

    praeteriine tuas de tot caelestibus aras,

    Ov. Her. 21, 179; Juv. 1, 138. —
    b.
    Sometimes de with abl. takes the place of the gen. partit. or gen. obj. In the best writers this occurs mainly
    (α).
    to avoid ambiguity where genitives would be multiplied:

    ne expers partis esset de nostris bonis,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 39:

    ut aliquem partem de istius impudentia reticere possim,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 32;
    (β).
    for greater precision:

    si quae sunt de eodem genere,

    id. Tusc. 4, 7, 16:

    persona de mimo,

    id. Phil. 2, 27, 65;
    (γ).
    in the poets, metri gratiā:

    aliquid de more vetusto,

    Ov. F. 6, 309; Grat. Cyneg. 17:

    laudes de Caesare,

    Ov. Pont. 4, 13, 23:

    cetera de genere hoc,

    Hor. Sat. 1, 1, 13; Lucr. 4, 746. This circumlocution was freq. [p. 514] in comic writers and in vulgar lang., and became more common in the declining periods of the lang., so that in the Romance tongues de, di, etc., with a case represent the earlier genitive (so, conscius, conscientia, meminisse, mentionem facere, recordari, etc., de aliqua re for alicujus rei, v. h. vv.).
    2.
    To indicate the property from which the costs of any thing are taken:

    obsonat, potat, olet unguenta de meo,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 37; so,

    de tuo,

    Plaut. Bac. 1, 1, 65:

    de suo,

    Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, 5; Suet. Caes. 19:

    de nostro,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 11:

    de vestro,

    Liv. 6, 15, 10; cf.:

    de vestris,

    Ov. F. 3, 828:

    de alieno,

    Liv. 3, 1, 3; Just. 36, 3 fin.:

    de publico,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44; Liv. 1, 20; 2, 16; 4, 60. For de tuo, once de te:

    de te largitor puer,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 17.—Also in a trop. sense:

    ad tua praecepta de meo nihil his novum apposivi,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; cf. id. Men. 1. 2, 40; Cic. Fam. 4, 3; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 8.— Poet., to denote that out of which, or by which, one pays a penalty or suffers punishment:

    has vestro de sanguine poenas datis,

    Luc. 4, 805; cf.:

    cum de visceribus tuis satisfacturus sis quibus debes,

    Cic. Q. Frat. 1, 3, 7.
    3.
    To designate the material of which any thing is made, of, out of, from:

    niveo factum de marmore signum,

    Ov. M. 14, 313; cf. Verg. G. 3, 13:

    verno de flore corona,

    Tib. 2, 1, 59:

    sucus de quinquefolio,

    Plin. 26, 4, 11:

    cinis de fico,

    Pall. 1, 35, 3 et saep.:

    de templo carcerem fleri,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 7; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 32:

    captivum de rege facturi,

    Just. 7, 2, 11; cf.:

    inque deum de bove versus erat,

    Ov. F. 5, 616 et saep.:

    fles de rhetore consul,

    Juv. 7, 197.—Cf. trop. by means of:

    de eodem oleo et opera exaravi nescio quid ad te,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38.—Prov.:

    de nihilo nihilum,

    Pers. 3, 84; cf. Lucr. 1, 157 sq.
    4.
    In mental operations, to indicate the subject-matter or theme on which any mental act (thinking, considering, advising, determining, etc.; discoursing, informing, exhorting, deciding, disputing, doubting, etc.) is founded; of, about, concerning, Gr. peri:

    cogitare de aliqua re, etc. (the most common signification): multa narrare de Laelio,

    Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

    dubitare de re,

    id. Fam. 3, 10, 15:

    de suo adventu docere,

    Suet. Caes. 9:

    de moribus admonere,

    Sall. Cat. 5, 9 et saep.—With this, too, is connected its use,
    5.
    To indicate the producing cause or reason, for, on account of, because of:

    nam id nisi gravi de causa non fecisset,

    Cic. Att. 7, 7, 3; cf. id. de Or. 1, 41, 186; Cael ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15; Cic. Att. 11, 3:

    de quo nomine ad arbitrum adiisti, de eo ad judicium venisti,

    id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12:

    flebat uterque non de suo supplicio, sed pater de filii morte, de patris filius,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76:

    de labore pectus tundit,

    with pain, Plaut. Casin. 2, 6, 63:

    incessit passu de vulnere tardo,

    Ov. M. 10, 49:

    humus fervet de corpore,

    id. ib. 7, 560:

    facilius de odio creditur,

    Tac. H. 1, 34:

    quod erat de me feliciter Ilia mater,

    through me, Ov. F. 3, 233 et saep.
    6.
    To indicate the thing with reference to which any thing is done, with respect to, concerning:

    de istac re in oculum utrumvis conquiescito,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 121: nil peccat de savio, Caec. ap. Gell. 2, 23, 11 (v. 161 Ribbeck):

    credere de numero militum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 1, 2:

    de numero dierum fidem servare,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 36; Sall. C. 50, 3:

    de ceteris senatui curae fore,

    id. Jug. 26, 1:

    concessum ab nobilitate de consule plebeio,

    Liv. 6, 42:

    solem de virgine rapta consule,

    Ov. F. 4, 581 et saep.—Ellipt.:

    de argento somnium,

    as for the money, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 50 (for which id. Heaut. 4, 2, 4: quod de argento sperem, nihil est): Varr. R. R. 1, 59, 1:

    de Dionysio sum admiratus,

    Cic. Att. 9, 12; id. Off. 1, 15, 47:

    de me autem suscipe paullisper meas partes,

    id. Fam. 3, 12, 2; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 36 et saep.:

    de Samnitibus triumphare,

    concerning, over, Cic. Sen. 16, 55; cf. Hor. 4, 2, 88:

    de Atheniensibus victoria,

    Curt. 8, 1, 33.
    7.
    To indicate the thing in conformity with which any thing is done, according to, after:

    secundum: DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD, S. C. de Bac.: fecisse dicas de mea sententia,

    Plaut. Bac. 4, 9, 115; cf.:

    de suorum propinquorum sententia atque auctoritate fecisse dicatur,

    Cic. Cael. 29: de consilii sententia Mamertinis se frumentum non imperare pronunciat, id. Verr. 2, 5, 21 al.:

    de ejus consilio velle sese facere,

    Ter. Ph. 3, 1, 17:

    vix de mea voluntate concessum est,

    Cic. Att. 4, 2, 4:

    de exemplo meo ipse aedificato,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 86:

    de more vetusto,

    Verg. A. 11, 142; Ov. M. 7, 606:

    de nomine,

    id. ib. 1, 447:

    patrioque vocat de nomine mensem,

    id. F. 3, 77.
    8.
    With adjectives to form adverbial expressions.
    a.
    De integro, anew ( = ab integro, ex integro; cf.: iterum, rursus, denuo), indidemque eadem aeque oriuntur de integro, atque eodem occidunt, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll. (v. 92 Ribb.):

    ratio de integro ineunda est mihi,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 7; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56; id. Att. 13, 27; id. Fam. 12, 30, 2 et saep. (The combination de novo appears only in the contracted form denuo, v. h. v.).—
    b.
    De improviso, unexpectedly:

    ubi de improviso interventum est mulieri,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 40; id. And. 2, 2, 23; id. Ad. 3, 3, 53; Caes. B. G. 2, 3; 5, 22; 5, 39 et saep.; Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151 et saep.—
    c.
    De transverso, unexpectedly:

    ecce autem de transverso L. Caesar ut veniam ad se rogat,

    Cic. Att. 15, 4 fin.; Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14.
    ► De is often put between an adj.
    or pron. and its substantive; cf.

    above multa de nocte, media de nocte, gravi de causa, etc.: qua de re,

    Ter. Andr. 1, 2, 13; esp. in the judic. formula: qua de re agitur; cf. Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6; Cic. Brut. 79 fin. Also freq. after a simple relative:

    quo de,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 41; 54, 104; 2, 11, 37:

    qua de,

    id. ib. 2, 23, 70 et saep.
    II.
    In composition the e becomes short before a vowel, as in dĕhisco, dĕhinc, dĕorsum, and coincides with it in the poets by synaeresis; cf.: dehinc, deinde, deinceps, deorsum; sometimes contraction takes place, as in debeo, debilis, dego, demo, from dehabeo, de-habilis, de-ago, de-emo.—
    2.
    Signif.
    a.
    Separation, departure, removal, taking away; off, away, down, out: decedo, demigro, demeto, depromo, descendo, devolvo, derivo, deflecto, etc.; and trop. dedico, denuntio; and in a downward direction, decido, decumbo, deprimo, demergo, delabor, defluo, demitto, desido, desideo, declivis, deculco, degredior, deicio, etc.—
    b.
    Cessation, removal of the fundamental idea ( = un-, de-, dis-): dearmo, deartuo, decresco, dedisco, dedecoro, dedignor, dedoceo, denascor, denormo, desum, etc.; and hence direct negation, as in dedecet, deformis, demens, etc.—
    c.
    With reference to the terminus of the action: defero, defigo, demitto, etc.; hence also trop., with reference to the extent of the action, to the uttermost, to exhaustion, through. out: debacchor, debello, dedolo, delino, delibuo, etc.: defatigo, delaboro, delasso, etc.; hence freq. a mere strengthening of the fundamental idea, = valde, thoroughly, much: demiror, demitigo, etc.—
    d.
    Giving a bad sense to the verb: decipio, delinquo, deludo, derideo, detestor.—
    e.
    Rarely, contraction from a broad into a narrow space, together: deligo, devincio. See also Hand Turs. II. p. 183-229.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > de

  • 18 in

       in    [old indu], prep. with acc. or abl.    I. With acc., in space, with verbs implying entrance, into, to: in Epirum venire: in flumen deicere: in Ubios legatos mittere, Cs.: Thalam pervenit, in oppidum magnum, S.—Fig.: in memoriam reducere: in animum inducere, L.: dicam quod mi in mentemst, T.—With verbs of motion, up to, to, into, down to: in caelum ascendere: in aram confugitis ad deum, up to the altar: vas in manūs sumere, into his hands: se in manūs Romanis tradidisse, L.—With verbs of rest or placing, in: adesse in senatum iussit: Minucius in custodiam habitus, thrown into prison and kept there, L.: propinquas suas nuptum in alias civitates conlocasse, Cs.—Of direction or local relation, towards, in front of, over against: in orientem Germaniae obtenditur, Ta.: coram in os te laudare, T.: castra movet in Arvernos versus, towards, Cs.: in Galliam versus movere, S.—In time, into, till, for: dormiet in lucem, till broad day, H.: in multum diei, L.: e somno, quem in diem extrahunt, Ta.: indutias in triginta annos impetraverunt, for thirty years, L.: in omne tempus, forever: hominem invitavit in posterum diem, for the following day.— In adverbial expressions with words of time: sancit in posterum, ne quis, etc., hereafter: res dilata est in posterum, to a later day: et in praesentia hi et in futurum metum ceperunt, L.: in perpetuum fore: non in tempus aliquod, sed in aeternum, L.: ex raptis in diem commeatibus, for immediate use, L.: fundum emere in diem, i. e. a fixed day of payment, N.: in dies singulos, each succeeding day: in dies, day by day, L.: nos in diem vivimus, for the moment: in diem et horam, every day, H.: in horas, hourly, H.—Of reference, in relation to, about, respecting, towards, against: id, quod est in philosophos dictum, concerning: carmen, quod in eum scripsisset: in liberos nostros indulgentia: impietates in deos, against: in dominum quaeri, as a witness against: invehi in Thebanos, N.: hominis definitio una in omnīs valet, applies to: in obsequium pronus, H.: in utrumque paratus, V.: in incertum, ne, etc., in view of the uncertainty, whether, L.—Of purpose, for, with a view to: haec civitas mulieri in redimiculum praebeat: Regium in praesidium missa legio, as a garrison, L.: in gratiam sociorum, to gratify, L.: Quos audere in proelia vidi, V.: praemia, in quorum spem pugnarent, L.: in spem pacis solutis animis, L.: Ingrata misero vita ducenda est in hoc, ut, etc., H.: satis in usum, for immediate wants, L. —Of result, to, unto, so as to produce: in familiae luctum nupsit: Excisum Euboicae latus ingens rupis in antrum, V.: commutari ex veris in falsa. —In the phrases, in tantum, so far, so greatly: nec In tantum spe tollet avos, V.: in tantum suam felicitatem enituisse, L.—In rem esse, to be useful, avail: si in rem est Bacchidis, T.: imperat, quae in rem sunt, L.: in rem fore credens universos adpellare, S.—Of manner, according to, after: ille in eam sententiam versus, to this effect: in utramque partem disputat, on both sides: cives servilem in modum cruciati, like slaves: vaticinantis in modum canere, L.: virtutem in maius celebrare, S.: in hanc formulam iudicia: sc. in haec verba factum, L.: in universum, in general, L.: in universum aestimanti, upon a general view, Ta.—Of distribution, into, for, according to: Gallia divisa est in partīs trīs, Cs.: describebat censores binos in singulas civitates, i. e. for each state: sextantibus conlatis in capita, a head, L.—Praegn.: in eorum potestatem portum futurum intellegebant. would fall: in potestatem Locrensium esse, L.    II. With abl., of space, in, within: in cerebro animi esse sedem: quae res in nostris castris gererentur, Cs.: in foro palam Syracusis: (caedes) in viā facta: nupta in domo, L.: copias in castris continent, Cs.: in tuā sedeculā sedere: Heri coīmus in Piraeo, T.: navis et in Caietā parata.—Of position, on, upon, over, among, before, in, under: in equo sedens, on horseback: in eo flumine pons erat, over, Cs.: multā te in rosā urget, H.: Caesaris in barbaris erat nomen obscurius, among, Cs.: in Brutiis praeesse, L.: in manu poculum tenens: est in manibus oratio: gloria in oculis sita, S.: populari in oculis eius agros, under, L.—In, with, wearing, under, clad, covered: in veste candidā, L.: in lugubri veste, Cu.: homines in catenis Romam mittere, L.: in violā aut in rosā, garlanded: legiones in armis, Cs.—Of a multitude or number, in, among, of: In his poëta hic nomen profitetur suom, T.: sapientissimus in septem: eum in tuis habere: iustissimus unus in Teucris, V.—Of writings, in: in populorum institutis aut legibus: in Timaeo dicit: perscribit in litteris, hostīs ab se discessisse, Cs.: in Thucydide orbem modo orationis desidero, in the style of.—Fig., of mind or character, in: in animo habere: quanta auctoritas fuit in Metello!: in omni animante est summum aliquid.—In phrases, with manibus or manu, at hand, under control, within reach: quamcunque rem habent in manibus: neque mihi in manu fuit Iugurtha qualis foret, in my power, S.: cum tantum belli in manibus esset, on their hands, L.: quorum epistulas in manu teneo.—With loco: in eo loco, in that state, in such a condition: in eo enim loco res sunt nostrae, ut, etc., L.: quo in loco res esset, cognoscere, Cs.: quod ipse, si in eodem loco esset, facturus fuerit, L.—In eo esse ut, etc., to be in such a condition, etc.: cum in eo esset, ut, etc., the situation was such, L.—Of time, in, during, in the course of, within: in tempore hoc, T.: in tali tempore, L.: in diebus paucis, T.: Tam in brevi spatio, T.: in omni aetate: in totā vitā inconstans.—In, while, during: fit, ut distrahatur in deliberando animus: in dividendo partem in genere numerare: in agris vastandis, in laying waste, Cs.: cum in immolandā Iphigeniā tristis Calchas esset.—In phrases, in tempore, in time, at the right time, seasonably: ipsum video in tempore huc se recipere, T.: spreta in tempore gloria interdum cumulatior redit, L.—In praesentiā, at present, now, for the moment, under existing circumstances: sic enim mihi in praesentiā occurrit: id quod unum maxime in praesentiā desiderabatur, L.—In praesenti, for the present: haec ad te in praesenti scripsi, ut, etc.: talenta centum in praesenti, down, L.—Of condition or occupation, in, subject to, affected by, experiencing, engaged in, involved in: magno in aere alieno: torpescentne dextrae in amentiā illā? L.: diem in laetitiā degere, T.: civitas, quae tibi in amore fuit, beloved: in invidiā esse, L.: quod in summis tuis occupationibus voluisti, etc., when engrossed by: in eo magistratu pari diligentiā se praebuit, N.: esse in vitio, in the wrong: hoc est in vitio, perhorrescere, etc., is wrong.—In the case of, in relation to: numcubi meam Benignitatem sensisti in te claudier? in your case (i. e. towards you), T.: facere in eo, cuius, etc., in the case of the man, Cs.: in furibus aerari, S.: Achilles talis in hoste fuit, V.: in hoc homine saepe a me quaeris, etc., in the case of.— In phrases, with summā, in all, in a word, in fine: in omni summā me ad pacem converto.—With neut. sing. of an adj. (expressing more abstractly the quality): cum exitūs haud in facili essent (i. e. haud faciles), L.: in obscuro vitam habere, S.: in dubio esse, L.: in integro esse: in tuto esse, L.: in aequo esse, L.: in aperto esse, S.: in promisco esse, L.: in incerto haberi, S.    III. In composition, in retains its n before vowels, and before h, c, d, f, g, consonant i, n, q, s, t, v, usually also before l and r, and very frequently before m, b, p. But the n is usually assimilated before m, b, p, and often before l, r.
    * * *
    I
    in, on, at (space); in accordance with/regard to/the case of; within (time)
    II
    into; about, in the mist of; according to, after (manner); for; to, among

    Latin-English dictionary > in

  • 19 consul

    consul (in the oldest inscrr. CONSOL, COSOL; abbrev. COS., also in plur. COSS., not before the time of the emperors), ŭlis, m. [prob. from root sal- of salio; Sanscr. sar-, go; hence also exsul, praesul, v. Corss. Ausspr. II. p. 71], a consul, one of the two highest magistrates of the Roman state, chosen annually, after the expulsion of the kings; cf. concerning his election, administration, duties, etc., Dict. Antiq., and the authors there cited (freq. in all periods and species of composition): qui recte consulat, consul cluat, Att. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 80 Müll.; Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 8; Quint. 1, 6, 32; Plin. 7, 43, 44, § 136: consul ordinarius, one who entered on his office at the regular time, viz. on the first of January; opp. consul suffectus, one chosen in the course of the year in the place of one who had died, or, after the time of the emperors, as a mere honorary title; v. ordinarius and sufficio: consul designatus, consul elect (so called in the interval between election, at the beginning of August, and entrance on his duties, on the 1st of January), v. designo: consul major, one who had the largest number of votes, or with whom the Fasces were, or one who was oldest (acc. to Nieb., orig. he who was of noble origin); cf. Fest. s. v. majorem consulem, p. 161, 31 Müll.;

    after the Lex Julia,

    who had most children, Gell. 2, 15, 4:

    consulem creare,

    Cic. Att. 9, 9, 3; Caes. B. C. 3, 1 al.:

    dicere,

    Liv. 27, 6, 3:

    facere,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 1, 3; id. de Or. 2, 66, 268:

    sufficere,

    id. Mur. 38, 82 al.:

    declarare,

    id. Agr. 2, 2, 4 al.:

    renuntiare,

    id. Mur. 1, 1 al.:

    aliquem consulem designare,

    Amm. 21, 12, 25:

    esse pro consule,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 91, § 212 al. In reference to the expression bis, iterum, ter, quater, etc.; tertio or tertium, etc, consul, v. the words bis, iterum, etc., and cf. Gell. 10, 1, 3 and 6.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    In abl. with the names of the consuls (in the poets usu. of one consul), for the designation of the year: Orgetorix M. Messalá M. Pisone Coss., regni cupiditate inductus, etc., in the consulship of (i. e. in the year of Rome 693), Caes. B. G. 1, 2: is dies erat a. d. V. Kal. Apr. L. Pisone A. Gabinio Coss. (i. e. the 27th of March, 696 of the city), id. ib. 1, 6 fin.:

    Romam venit Mario consule et Catulo,

    Cic. Arch. 3, 5; id. Brut. 43, 161 al.:

    amphora fumum bibere instituta Consule Tullo,

    Hor. C. 3, 8, 12; 3, 14, 28; 3, 21, 1; id. Epod. 13, 6 al.; cf.:

    Bibuli consulis amphora,

    id. C. 3, 28, 8:

    amphora centeno consule facta minor,

    i. e. a hundred years old, Mart. 8, 45, 4.—
    2.
    Sing., as collective term for the magistracy, the consuls, when the office is in view rather than the persons: quod populus in se jus dederit, eo consulem usurum;

    non ipsos (sc. consules) libidinem ac licentiam suam pro lege habituros,

    Liv. 3, 9, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    legatisque ad consulem missis,

    id. 21, 52, 6 Heerw. ad loc.:

    aliter sine populi jussu nullius earum rerum consuli jus est,

    Sall. C. 29, 3.—
    II.
    Meton.
    A.
    A proconsul, Liv. 26, 33, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf. id. § 7; 31, 49, 4; Nep. Cato, 1, 3; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 6, 3, 2; Flor. 2, 14, 5; Eutr. 3, 14.—
    B.
    The highest magistrate in other states:

    consul Tusculanorum,

    Plin. 7, 43, 44, § 136:

    BARCINONENSIS,

    Inscr. Grut. 4, 29, 9:

    COLONLAE ASTIGITANAE,

    ib. 351, 5; Aus. Clar. Urb. 14, 39.—
    C.
    An epithet of Jupiter, Vop. Firm. 3; App. de Mundo, c. 25.—
    * D.
    Poet.:

    est animus tibi... consul non unius anni,

    continually fulfilling the duties of the highest magistracy, Hor. C. 4, 9, 39 Orell. ad loc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > consul

  • 20 G

    G, g, indecl. n. or (on account of littera) f., had originally no place in the Latin alphabet: both the sharp and the flat guttural mutes, our k and g sounds, being represented by C; hence on the Columna Rostrata LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, (pu)CNANDOD, PVCN(ad), CARTACINIENSIS, for legiones, etc.; hence, too, the archaic form ACETARE for agitare (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 23 Müll. N. cr.), and the still common abbreviation of the names Gaius and Gneus in C and Cn.—At a later period (acc. to Plut. Qu. Rom. p. 277 D and 278 E, by means of a freedman of Spurius Carvilius Ruga, about the beginning of the second Punic war) a slight graphic alteration was made in the C, which introduced into the Roman orthography the letter G (on the old monuments C); thus we have in the S. C. de Bacchanal.: MAGISTER, MAGISTRATVM, FIGIER, GNOSCIER, AGRO; on the other hand, the orthography GNAIVOD PATRE PROGNATVS on the first Epitaph of the Scipios, which dates before that time, indicates either incorrectness in the copying or a later erection of the monument. When Greek words are written in Latin letters and vice versa, G always corresponds to G. Its sound was always hard, like Engl. g in gate, at least until the sixth century A. D.As an initial, g, in pure Latin words, enters into consonantal combination only with l and r; and therefore in words which, from their etymology, had the combination gn, the g was rejected in the classical period, and thus arose the class. forms nascor, natus, nosco, novi, notus, narus, navus, from the original gnascor, gnatus, gnosco, etc. (cf. the English gnaw, gnat, gnarr, etc., where the g has become silent); whereas in compounds the g again is often retained: cognatus, cognosco, ignarus, ignavus.—An initial g is dropped in lac (kindred to GALACT, gala), likewise in anser (kindred to Germ. Gans; Sanscr. hansa; Greek chên).As a medial, g combines with l, m, n, r, although it is sometimes elided before m in the course of formation; so in examen for exagmen from agmen; in contamino for contagmino (from con-TAG, tango). Before s the soft sound of g passes into the hard sound of c, and becomes blended with the s into x (v. the letter X); though sometimes the g (or c) is elided altogether, as in mulsi from mulgeo, indulsi from indulgeo; cf.: sparsus, mersus, tersus, etc. So too before t, as indultum from indulgeo. The medial g is often dropped between two vowels, and compensated for by lengthening the preced. vowel: māior from măgior, pulēium from pulēgium, āio from ăgio (root AG, Sanscr. ah, to say; cf. nego). Likewise the medial g is dropped in lēvis for legvis, Sanscr. laghn, fava for fagva, fruor for frugvor, flamma for flagma, stimulus for stigmulus, examen for exagmen; jumentum, from root jug-: sumen from sug-; cf.: umor, flamen, etc.As a final, g was only paragogic, acc. to Quint. 1, 7, 13, in the obsolete VESPERVG (for vesperu, analogous with noctu; v. Spald. ad loc.). Etymologically, g corresponds to an original Indo - European g or gh, or is weakened from c, k. Thus it stands where in Greek we have:
    (α).
    g, as ago, agô; ager, agros; argentum, arguros; genus, genos; fulgeo, phlegô, and so very commonly;
    (β).
    ch (usually before r, or in the middle of a word): ango, anchô; rigo, brechô; gratus, chairô, etc.;
    (γ).
    k: viginti, eikosi; gubernator, kubernêtês; gummi, kommi, etc.—By assimilation, g was produced from b and d in oggero, suggero, aggero, etc., from obgero, sub-gero, ad-gero, etc.As an abbreviation, G denotes Galliarum, Gallica, gemina, Germania, genius, etc.; and sometimes Gaius (instead of the usual C); v. Inscr. Orell. 467; 1660; 4680:

    G.P.R.F. genio populi Romani feliciter,

    Inscr. Orell. 4957; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 76 sqq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 38 sqq.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > G

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

  • In the course of — Course Course (k[=o]rs), n. [F. cours, course, L. cursus, fr. currere to run. See {Current}.] 1. The act of moving from one point to another; progress; passage. [1913 Webster] And when we had finished our course from Tyre, we came to Ptolemais.… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Perverting the course of justice — Perverting the course of justice, in English, Canadian (see article 139 of Canadian Criminal Code), and Irish law, is a criminal offence in which someone prevents justice from being served on himself or on another party. It is a common law… …   Wikipedia

  • par for the course — {n. phr.}, {informal} Just what was expected; nothing unusual; a typical happening. Usually refers to things going wrong. * /Mary is very clumsy so it was par for the course when she bumped into the table and broke the vase./ * /When John came… …   Dictionary of American idioms

  • par for the course — {n. phr.}, {informal} Just what was expected; nothing unusual; a typical happening. Usually refers to things going wrong. * /Mary is very clumsy so it was par for the course when she bumped into the table and broke the vase./ * /When John came… …   Dictionary of American idioms

  • To lay the course — Lay Lay (l[=a]), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Laid} (l[=a]d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Laying}.] [OE. leggen, AS. lecgan, causative, fr. licgan to lie; akin to D. leggen, G. legen, Icel. leggja, Goth. lagjan. See {Lie} to be prostrate.] 1. To cause to lie down,… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Course — (k[=o]rs), n. [F. cours, course, L. cursus, fr. currere to run. See {Current}.] 1. The act of moving from one point to another; progress; passage. [1913 Webster] And when we had finished our course from Tyre, we came to Ptolemais. Acts xxi. 7.… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • The College of Law — Motto Leges Juraque Cognoscamus ( May we learn the laws and ordinances ) Perfect for practice (corporate tagline) Established 1962 School type Charitable …   Wikipedia

  • The Feynman Lectures on Physics — by Richard Feynman, Robert Leighton, and Matthew Sands is perhaps Feynman s most accessible technical work and is considered a classic introduction to modern physics. It includes lectures on mathematics, electromagnetism, Newtonian physics,… …   Wikipedia

  • Course reserve — is a term used in academic libraries to describe materials set aside for a specific academic course or other use. Most often materials are put on course reserve by library staff at the request of the course s instructor. Materials on reserve… …   Wikipedia

  • The Great Race (rowing) — The Great Race is an annual rowing race between the men s eight from the University of Waikato, New Zealand and a prominent university team from outside New Zealand. The race is held over a 4.8 kilometre stretch of the Waikato River in Hamilton,… …   Wikipedia

  • The Amazing Race 10 — Season run September 17, 2006 – December 10, 2006 Filming dates May 27, 2006 – June 24, 2006 No. of episodes 13 Winning team Tyler Denk James Branaman Continents visited …   Wikipedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»